According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1 in 10 women will experience infertility. Maintaining a healthy diet is important at every point in a woman’s life but especially important when trying to conceive a baby. Here are 10 foods that naturally increase fertility in women. Please remember that infertility can be a symptom of serious health issues, like endometriosis, PCOS, and hormone imbalance. Until these underlying issues are addressed, infertility may continue. If you are in the United States and would like additional information, talk to the Kaldas Center.
1. Seaweed
Seaweed is packed with nutrients that help enrich the liver, kidneys, bladder, and adrenals which are organs vital to fertility health.
2. Salmon
Salmon is full of Omega-3 Fatty Acids which are proven to regulate blood flow to the reproductive organs.
3. Figs
Figs have been believed to increase fertility since the time of Ancient Greeks, and now we have scientific evidence. Figs contain a lot of iron, which is important for healthy eggs and ovulation.
4. Oysters
Oysters have been known to increase libido, but oysters can also be a great source for fertility because they are packed with zinc, which increases the production of good-quality eggs.
5. Berries
Any kind of berries is good at protecting eggs from damage and aging because they are full of antioxidants. Strawberries have been linked to naturally increasing a woman’s libido.
6. Beans
Beans are a lean protein and are full of iron, which helps to increase fertility and libido. Low iron levels can result in anovulation, which is when ovulation does not produce a healthy egg.
7. Leafy Greens
Dark leafy greens such as spinach, romaine, arugula, and broccoli are high in folate, a B vitamin that has been shown to improve ovulation. Leafy greens also naturally increase a woman’s libido.
8. Maca Root
Maca root increases fertility in men and women by increasing energy, boosting the immune system, and providing vital minerals and nutrients. Maca Root is packed with iron and iodine.
9. Yams
Research shows yams have an ovulation stimulating substance that can help boost fertility.
10. Vegetables and Fruits
Eating up to three servings a day of fresh fruits and vegetables is important for any diet, but especially important when trying to conceive.
Foods to Avoid
1. Soy
Soy contains a compound very similar to estrogen which can cause estrogen levels to be too high and can negatively affect fertility.
2. Alcohol
No need to go cold turkey, but it’s a good idea to limit your alcohol intake to one or two servings of alcohol while trying to conceive.
3. Sugar
Consuming refined sugar, such as high fructose corn syrup, can cause blood sugar spikes which can negatively affect the reproductive system as well as the rest of the body.
4. Saturated fats
Eliminating saturated fats from the diet is important for general health. However, it’s extremely important to avoid eating saturated fats when trying to conceive because they can cause estrogen levels to be too high, which can cause infertility.
Remember:
It’s important to identify any food sensitivities. Any unidentified sensitivities can negatively impact fertility, as well as cause headaches, heartburn, gas, bloating, and weight gain.
Blood tests, such as those provided by Nutritional Healing, observe white blood cells in the presence of common foods. If the blood cells enlarge, burst, or shrink when combined with a certain food, this indicates a sensitivity. “Based on the response, the test classifies foods and herbs into four categories: severe, moderate, mild reaction, and acceptable foods,” said Kimberly Stoeger, M.S. Clinical Nutritionist for Nutritional Healing, LLC.
Can infertility be cured?
Yes, infertility can be cured depending on the cause. Various treatments can help a couple conceive and result in successful delivery. However, some causes, especially structural deformities in the reproductive organs, cannot be corrected and need treatments, such as assisted reproductive techniques for achieving pregnancy.
Reasons for infertility
Infertility can occur in both males and females. Nearly one out of seven couples who have frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse for more than a year are unable to conceive a child.
How is male infertility treated?
Many times, the exact cause of infertility remains unknown and cannot be identified despite doing various tests. The doctor may recommend some fertility treatments and procedures that include:
Treatment of infections: Infections of the reproductive system may result in infertility. A course of antibiotics helps cure them.
Surgery:
Varicocele, a condition in which veins over the scrotum get enlarged, can cause male infertility, which can be repaired surgically.
Sperm retrieval techniques involve surgically opening the testes to extract the sperm and transfer it into the womb or fertilize it outside in a test tube.
Counseling: If there are problems, such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation, medicines and counseling may help.
Hormonal therapy: Hormone imbalance may affect the development of sperm in some males. Hormonal therapy, such as gonadotrophin therapy, can help these males.
Assisted reproductive techniques:
Artificial insemination: Extracted sperm are placed either at the opening of the cervix or directly into the female uterus.
In vitro fertilization (IVF): Healthy sperm are mixed with multiple eggs in a dish in the laboratory. Then these fertilized eggs are placed in the uterus.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Single sperm is directly injected into the egg. After fertilization, the fertilized egg is then placed in the uterus.
How is female infertility treated?
Fertility treatment in females depends on the duration of infertility, age of the female, and causes. It involves medication, surgeries, or assisted reproductive techniques.
Fertility medications
These drugs are used in cases of ovulation disorders or can be used to stimulate better egg quality or extra eggs in an ovulating woman. These drugs include:
Clomiphene citrate
Gonadotrophins
Metformin
Letrozole
Bromocriptine
These ovulation drugs come with the risk of developing complications, that include:
Multiple pregnancies
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Long-term risk of ovarian cancer
Laparoscopic surgery
This surgery involves correcting structural deformities of the reproductive system with the help of a thin, lighted tube-like camera inserted through a small incision made into the abdomen. Examples of such surgeries include:
Removal of endometrial polyps or fibroids
Removal of pelvic or uterine adhesions
Tubal surgeries
If the fallopian tube is blocked or filled with fluid, these surgeries help remove adhesions, dilate the tube or create a new tubal opening.
Assisted reproductive techniques
These are helpful to get pregnant with techniques that include:
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Gamet intrafallopian transfer
A small fiber-optic instrument called a laparoscope is used to guide the transfer of sperm and unfertilized egg in the fallopian tube of the female by making a small incision on the abdomen.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer
The egg is fertilized in the lab, and then, this fertilized egg is transferred to the fallopian tube using a laparoscope. This technique is used in females with a healthy fallopian tube.
Eggs donor
The embryo is transferred from donor to infertile female. This technique is more common in older females.
Embryo cryopreservation
This method is used when the in vitro fertilization cycle produces more embryos at one time. Then remaining embryos are preserved to transfer in a future cycle.
What are the causes of infertility in males and females?
Failure to conceive can be due to a problem in the male or female or both. The cause that affects fertility is either unknown or is a combination of male and female factors.
Causes of male infertility include:
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Low or absence of sperm
Abnormal sperm function
Varicocele
Hormonal disorder
Chromosome defect
Immunity problem
Birth defect
Ejaculation issue
Undescended testes
Previous surgery
Infection
Causes of female infertility include:
Ovulatory disorder (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
Structural defects in the reproductive system organs
Infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometriosis (when tissue that typically exists in the uterus grows in other places)
Birth defects
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
Hormonal imbalance
What are 3 common causes of infertility?
What is infertility?
Healthcare providers consider a couple infertile if they try but fail to get pregnant within one year. When the woman is older than 35, the amount of time trying to conceive drops to six months for an infertility diagnosis. In women over 40, immediate evaluation is warranted. Infertility does not include miscarrying or being unable to carry a baby to childbirth.
What causes infertility?
Causes of infertility vary:
1 in 3 infertile women have a problem with the female reproductive system.
1 in 3 infertile men have a problem with the male reproductive system.
1 in 3 couples have a problem that affects both of them or an undetermined issue.
How common is infertility?
An estimated 1 in 10 women between the ages of 15 and 44 have trouble conceiving.
Women who have pregnancy problems may lose the baby:
Before the 20th week of pregnancy (miscarriage).
After the 20th week of pregnancy (stillbirth).
What are the types of infertility?
Types of infertility include:
Primary: A woman who was never pregnant and who can’t conceive after one year of not using birth control.
Secondary: Secondary infertility occurs when a woman can’t get pregnant again after having at least one successful pregnancy.
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES
What are risk factors for infertility in all genders?
These factors increase the risk of infertility in all genders:
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Age (over age 35 for women or over 40 for men).
Diabetes.
Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Excessive alcohol use.
Exposure to environmental toxins, such as lead and pesticides.
Over exercising.
Radiation therapy or other cancer treatments.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Smoking.
Stress.
Substance abuse.
Weight problems (obesity or underweight).
What are risk factors for female infertility?
These factors can contribute to female infertility:
Abnormal menstruation.
Blocked fallopian tubes.
Celiac disease.
Kidney disease.
Past ectopic (tubal) pregnancy.
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Pituitary gland disorders, such as Cushing’s syndrome.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian cysts and primary ovarian insufficiency.
Sickle cell anemia.
Uterine problems, including endometriosis, uterine fibroids and uterine polyps.
Thyroid disease.
What are risk factors for male infertility?
These factors can cause male infertility:
Enlarged veins (varicocele) in the scrotum, the sac that holds the testicles.
Genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis.
High heat exposure to testicles from tight clothing or frequent use of hot tubs and saunas.
Injury to the scrotum or testicles.
Low sperm count or low testosterone (hypogonadism).
Misuse of anabolic steroids.
Premature ejaculation or retrograde ejaculation (semen flows back into the bladder).
Testicular cancer and treatments.
Undescended testicles.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
How is female infertility diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider may ask you to record signs of ovulation, such as basal body temperature and cervical mucus. You may also use a home ovulation kit.
These tests can also help diagnose or rule out a female fertility problem:
Pelvic exam: Your provider will perform a pelvic exam, including a Pap smear to check for structural problems or signs of disease.
Blood test: A blood test can check hormone levels, including thyroid hormones.
Transvaginal ultrasound: Your doctor inserts an ultrasound wand into the vagina to look for problems with the reproductive system.
Hysteroscopy: Your provider inserts a thin, lighted tube (hysteroscope) into the vagina to examine the uterus.
Saline sonohysterogram (SIS): Your provider fills the uterus with saline (sterilized salt water) and conducts a transvaginal ultrasound. A full uterus makes it easier to see inside the uterus.
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): X-rays capture an injectable dye as it travels through the fallopian tubes. This test looks for blockages.
Laparoscopy: Your provider inserts a laparoscope (thin tube with a camera) into a small abdominal incision. Female pelvic laparoscopy helps identify problems like endometriosis, uterine fibroids and scar tissue.
How is male infertility diagnosed?
These tests can help diagnose or rule out a male fertility problem:
What Causes Female Fertility Problems? | Female Infertility Explained
Semen analysis: This test checks for problems with sperm, such as low sperm count and poor mobility. Some men need a needle biopsy to remove sperm from the testicles and test it. For most men, this is the only test that will be needed in the workup of infertility.
Blood test: A blood test can check testosterone, thyroid and other hormone levels. Genetic blood tests look for chromosomal abnormalities.
Scrotal ultrasound: An ultrasound of the scrotum identifies varicoceles or other testicular problems.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
When should you seek help for infertility?
Women under the age of 35 who aren’t pregnant after one year of trying should see a healthcare provider. You should seek help sooner (after six months of trying) if you’re older than 35. A woman’s chances of getting pregnant decrease with age. A 30-year-old woman is half as fertile as a 20-year-old woman.
Regardless of gender, you should seek help early if you have a risk factor that affects fertility.
How is female infertility treated?
Treatments for infertility include:
Medications: Fertility drugs change hormone levels to stimulate ovulation.
Surgery: Surgery can open blocked fallopian tubes and remove uterine fibroids and polyps. Surgical treatment of endometriosis doubles a woman’s chances of pregnancy.
How is male infertility treated?
Treatments for male infertility include:
Medications: Medications can raise testosterone or other hormone levels. There are also drugs for erectile dysfunction.
Surgery: Some men need surgery to open blockages in the tubes that store and carry sperm. Varicocele surgery can make sperm healthier and can improve the odds of conception.
What are fertility treatment options for all genders?
Some couples need more help conceiving. To increase pregnancy odds, a woman may first take medications to stimulate ovulation before trying one of these options:
Intrauterine insemination (IUI): A healthcare provider uses a long, thin tube to place sperm directly into the uterus.
In vitro fertilization (IVF): IVF is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART). It involves harvesting the eggs at the end of the stimulation and placing sperm and eggs together in a lab dish. The sperm fertilize the eggs. A provider transfers one of the fertilized eggs (embryo) into the uterus.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): This procedure is similar to IVF. An embryologist (highly specialized lab technician) directly injects a single sperm into each of the harvested eggs and then a provider transfers an embryo into the uterus.
Third-party ART: Couples may use donor eggs, donor sperm or donor embryos. Some couples need a gestational carrier or surrogate. This person agrees to carry and give birth to your baby.
PREVENTION
How can I prevent infertility?
Men and women can take these steps to protect their fertility, especially while trying to conceive:
Infertility, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Eat a well-balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight.
Don’t smoke, misuse drugs or drink excessively.
Get treated for STDs.
Limit exposure to toxins.
Stay physically active, but don’t overdo exercise.
OUTLOOK / PROGNOSIS
What is the prognosis (outlook) for people who have infertility?
Approximately 9 out of 10 couples get pregnant after undergoing fertility treatments. Success rates vary depending on the cause of infertility, the couple’s ages and other factors. In general:
Each IUI attempt has a 20% success rate.
An estimated 1 in 2 women under the age of 35 conceive with ART. That number drops to 1 in 30 women (3%) for women in their early to mid-40s.
LIVING WITH
Does insurance cover infertility treatment?
Health insurance policies vary, so you should always check with your provider. Most insurers cover medically necessary procedures, such as surgeries to treat endometriosis and uterine fibroids. Some policies cover fertility procedures like IUI but may not cover ovulation-stimulating medications.
According to The National Infertility Association (Resolve), 19 states have laws requiring employers to cover certain fertility treatments. Each state law is different. You can visit the National Infertility Association’s website to see what protections, if any, your state offers.
What questions should I ask my doctor?
You may want to ask your healthcare provider:
What’s causing our infertility?
Should my partner and I both get tested for fertility problems?
If my partner or I are older, how soon should we get tested for fertility problems?
What is the best treatment for us?
What is the treatment success rate?
What are the treatment side effects or risks?
Should I look out for signs of complications?
A note from Cleveland Clinic
Unexplained Infertility: A Fertility Doctor Explains the Treatment Options
Infertility poses many challenges. It can affect your relationships and emotional health. Infertility treatments can also be costly and strain your finances. Your healthcare provider can determine the cause of infertility. This first step helps determine the best treatment to help you succeed in expanding your family. Most couples eventually get pregnant, but some turn to adoption. Your provider can review options with you.
What are signs of infertility in a woman?
Are you trying to have a baby but pregnancy just isn't happening? You may wonder if either you or your partner has a medical problem that needs to be checked out. Take a few minutes to learn what infertility means and what can cause it. Then talk to your doctor to find out what your next steps should be.
Infertility is when you cannot get pregnant after having unprotected, regular sex for six months to one year, depending on your age.
Infertility doesn't always mean you're "sterile" -- unable to have a child ever. Half of couples who get help can eventually have a child, either on their own or with medical help.
Both men and women can have fertility problems. In about 20% of infertile couples, both partners have fertility problems. In about 15% of couples, no cause is found after all tests have been done. This is called unexplained infertility.
The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. You may not have or notice any other symptoms.
Symptoms can also depend on what is causing the infertility. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. Sometimes no cause is found.
Signs of Potential Infertility in Women
In women, changes in the menstrual cycle and ovulation may be a symptom of a disease related to infertility. Symptoms include:
Most Common Causes of Infertility in Females
Abnormal periods. Bleeding is heavier or lighter than usual.
Irregular periods. The number of days in between each period varies each month.
No periods. You have never had a period, or periods suddenly stop.
Painful periods. Back pain, pelvic pain, and cramping may happen.
Sometimes, female infertility is related to a hormone problem. In this case, symptoms can also include:
Skin changes, including more acne
Changes in sex drive and desire
Dark hair growth on the lips, chest, and chin
Loss of hair or thinning hair
Weight gain
Other symptoms of disorders that may lead to infertility include:
Milky white discharge from nipples unrelated to breastfeeding
Pain during sex
Many other things can be related to infertility in women, and their symptoms vary.
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What Causes Fertility Problems in Women?
The main reason for infertility in women is that you don't ovulate, which means your ovary doesn’t release an egg. A condition called polycystic ovary syndrome is the main cause.
Other issues can affect fertility:
Problems with your fallopian tubes, which carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus. Sometimes your tubes can get blocked by scar tissue from an infection or from a condition called endometriosis.
Smoking can lead to fertility problems in women.
Being overweight or underweight can also play a role.
If an egg does make its way through your fallopian tubes, many things can stop it from implanting in your uterus.
Cervical mucus can damage sperm or slow their progress.
In women, fertility drops with age, especially after age 35. Getting pregnant after age 45 is rare.
Signs of Potential Infertility in Men
Infertility symptoms in men can be vague. They may go unnoticed until a man tries to have a baby.
Symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. They can include:
Changes in hair growth
Changes in sexual desire
Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles
Problems with erections and ejaculation
Small, firm testicles
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What Causes Fertility Problems in Men?
The most common cause for infertility in men is a problem with sperm, including:
Low sperm count, which means you have too few or no sperm in your semen.
Your sperm don't move as well as they should, which is called low sperm motility.
You have abnormally formed sperm.
Your sperm ducts are blocked.
Another common problem is a temporary drop in the amount of sperm you make. This might happen when your testicles get injured. For instance, it could be that your testicles were too hot for too long. Or it might be you were in contact with chemicals or took drugs that affect the way you make sperm.
If you drink alcohol or smoke, your sperm count can go down.
Also, men ages 40 and older have lower fertility.
When Should You See the Doctor?
If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant without success for a year, see your doctor. Women 35 and older should see their doctor after 6 months of trying.
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Blood, urine, and imaging tests can be done to discover why you are having trouble getting pregnant. A sperm analysis can be done to check a man's sperm count and the overall health of the sperm.
Your doctor may refer you to a reproductive endocrinologist. That's a doctor who specializes in infertility. You will be asked questions about your infertility symptoms and medical history.
Before you go to the doctor, write down the following information and take it to your next doctor's appointment:
All the medications you take, including prescriptions, vitamins, minerals, supplements, and any other drugs bought without a prescription
How often you have unprotected sex, how long you have been trying, and the date of the last time you tried to get pregnant
Body changes or other symptoms you have noticed
Dates of any surgeries or treatments in the past, especially those involving the reproductive tract.
Any radiation or chemotherapy you have had
How much you smoke, how much alcohol you drink, and any illegal drug use
Any history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Any genetic disorder or chronic illness, such as diabetes or thyroid disease, in you or your family
Listen to your body. Tell your doctor any time you notice a symptom. Early diagnosis of an infertility problem may improve your odds of getting pregnant.
What are 4 causes for female infertility?
What is female infertility?
Infertility is a disease in which the ability to get pregnant and give birth to a child is impaired or limited in some way. For heterosexual couples (man and woman), this is usually diagnosed after one year of trying to get pregnant (but may be diagnosed sooner depending on other factors). For heterosexual couples, one third of causes of infertility are due to a male problem, one third are due to a female problems, and one third are due to combination or unknown reasons. When the cause of the infertility is found to come from the female partner, it’s considered female infertility or “female factor” infertility.
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How common is female infertility?
Infertility is a common disease. At least 10% of women deal with infertility of some kind. The chances of being infertile increases as a woman ages.
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES
What causes female infertility?
There are many possible causes of infertility. However, it can be difficult to pinpoint the exact cause, and some couples have “unexplained” infertility or “multifactorial” infertility (multiple causes, often both male and female factors). Some possible causes of female factor infertility can include:
Problems with the uterus: This includes polyps, fibroids, septum or adhesions inside the cavity of the uterus. Polyps and fibroids can form on their own at any time, whereas other abnormalities (like a septum) are present at birth. Adhesions can form after a surgery like a dilation and curettage (D&C).
Problems with the fallopian tubes: The most common cause of “tubal factor” infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease, usually caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Problems with ovulation: There are many reasons why a woman may not ovulate (release an egg) regularly. Hormonal imbalances, a past eating disorder, substance abuse, thyroid conditions, severe stress and pituitary tumors are all examples of things that can affect ovulation.
Problems with egg number and quality: Women are born with all the eggs they will ever have, and this supply can “run out” early before menopause. In addition, some eggs will have the wrong number of chromosomes and cannot fertilize or grow into a healthy fetus. Some of these chromosomal issues (such as “balanced translocation”) may affect all of the eggs. Others are random but become more common as a woman gets older.
Who is at risk for female infertility?
Many factors can increase a woman’s risk of female infertility. General health conditions, genetic (inherited) traits, lifestyle choices and age can all contribute to female infertility. Specific factors can include:
Age.
Hormone issue that prevents ovulation.
Abnormal menstrual cycle.
Obesity.
Being underweight.
Having a low body-fat content from extreme exercise.
Endometriosis.
Structural problems (problems with the fallopian tubes, uterus or ovaries).
Uterine fibroids.
Cysts.
Tumors.
Autoimmune disorders (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s disease, thyroid gland conditions).
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Primary Ovary Insufficiency (POI).
Excessive substance use (heavy drinking).
Smoking.
DES syndrome (DES is a medication that was given to women to prevent complications in pregnancy like premature birth or miscarriage. However, this medication has caused infertility in some of the children of mothers who took DES.).
A past ectopic (tubal) pregnancy.
How does age impact female infertility?
As a woman ages, her chances of becoming pregnant decreases. Age is becoming a more common factor in female infertility because many couples are waiting to have children until their 30s or 40s. Women over age 35 have a higher risk of having fertility issues. The reasons for this include:
Overall number of eggs is lower.
More eggs have an abnormal number of chromosomes.
An increased risk of other health conditions.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
What will my doctor ask during an appointment to diagnose female infertility?
Your healthcare provider will need to know about your menstrual periods, any past pregnancies, miscarriages, pelvic pain, unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge. You may also be asked about any past pelvic infections or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Some questions may include:
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Have you had any previous pregnancies or miscarriages?
Is your menstrual cycle normal and regular or painful and irregular?
Do you have heavy bleeding or abnormal discharge?
Do you have any pelvic pain?
Have you had any abdominal surgeries in the past?
What tests will my healthcare provider run to diagnose female infertility?
Some tests may be done in your healthcare provider’s office as a physical exam. These tests may include:
An overall physical exam.
A Pap test.
A pelvic exam.
A pelvic ultrasound.
An examination of the breasts for unusual milk production.
Other tests may need to be done in a lab. These tests can include:
Blood tests: The type of lab tests will depend on your health history and what diagnoses your doctor is considering. Examples of lab tests include thyroid testing, prolactin levels, tests of ovarian reserve and progesterone (a hormone produced during the menstrual cycle that signals ovulation).
X-ray hysterosalpingogram (HSG): A dye is injected into the cervix and the caregiver watches how the dye moves through the fallopian tube with an X-ray. This test checks for blockages.
Laparoscopy: In this test, a small monitoring instrument called a laparoscope is inserted into the abdomen to look at the organs.
Transvaginal ultrasound: Unlike an abdominal ultrasound (where the probe is placed over the belly), this test is done by inserting an ultrasound wand into the vagina. It allows the healthcare provider a better view of organs like the uterus and ovaries.
Saline sonohysterogram (SIS): This test is used to look at the lining of the uterus and assess for polyps, fibroids or other structural abnormalities. Saline (water) is used to fill the uterus, allowing the healthcare provider to get a better view of the uterine cavity during a transvaginal ultrasound.
Hysteroscopy: In this test, a device called a hysteroscope (a flexible, thin device with a camera on it) is inserted into the vagina and through the cervix. The healthcare provider moves it into the uterus to view the inside of the organ.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
How is female infertility treated?
Once your healthcare provider has diagnosed female infertility and pinpointed the cause, there are a variety of treatment options. The cause of the infertility guides the type of treatment. For example, structural problems may be treated through surgery, while hormonal medications can be used for other issues (ovulation issues, thyroid conditions).
Many patients will require artificial insemination (injecting washed sperm into the uterus after ovulation) or in vitro fertilization (fertilizing eggs with sperm in the lab to make embryos, then transferring the embryo into the uterus).
Adoption and gestational surrogacy may also be options for women with infertility who wish to start a family.
PREVENTION
Can female infertility be prevented?
Most forms of female infertility cannot be predicted or prevented. However, the risk factors that may contribute to infertility can, in some cases, be controlled to prevent this condition. For example, lifestyle modifications, such as reducing alcohol consumption and quitting smoking, may be beneficial to one’s fertility, as is maintaining a healthy weight and developing good exercise habits. It’s important to regularly visit your healthcare provider and discuss any other risks you may have for female infertility.
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OUTLOOK / PROGNOSIS
What is the outlook for female infertility?
The outlook (prognosis) for female infertility depends greatly on the individual and the underlying cause of infertility. In cases where medication can be used to treat an ovulatory condition, or a simple surgical procedure can be used to correct a structural abnormality (polyps or solitary fibroids), the outlook is generally positive. Talk to your doctor about your family history, risk factors and underlying medical issues to learn more about your prognosis.
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When should I see my doctor about female infertility?
If you are a woman in a heterosexual relationship with regular intercourse and menstrual cycles, you should see your doctor after 12 months of trying to conceive (become pregnant) without using birth control (six months if you are over the age of 35). It’s also important to regularly visit your healthcare provider once you become sexually active.
A note from Cleveland Clinic
Infertility can be incredibly stressful. If you have been trying to get pregnant for 12 months without success — or six months if you are over the age of 35 — reach out to your healthcare provider. Once you are diagnosed, your provider can help you develop a plan moving forward
What reduces fertility in a woman?
If you're hoping to get pregnant, you might wonder about your fertility and whether you can improve it. Some factors might be beyond your control, such as medical issues that affect the ability to conceive. But your lifestyle choices can have an effect on your fertility, too.
Here's what you need to know to promote and protect your fertility.
What is female fertility?
Female fertility is a woman's ability to conceive a biological child. You and your partner might question your fertility if you've been trying to get pregnant with frequent, unprotected sex for at least one year — or at least six months if you're older than 35 — with no success.
What causes female fertility problems?
Various medical issues can contribute to female fertility problems, including:
- Ovulation disorders, which affect the release of eggs from the ovaries. These include hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia and thyroid problems (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism).
- Uterine or cervical abnormalities, such as polyps or fibroids in the uterus.
- Fallopian tube damage or blockage, which is often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease.
- Endometriosis, which occurs when tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
- Primary ovarian insufficiency (early menopause), which occurs when the ovaries stop working and menstruation ends before age 40.
- Pelvic adhesions — bands of scar tissue that bind organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery.
- Medical conditions associated with the absence of menstruation, such as poorly controlled diabetes, celiac disease and some autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
Age also plays a role. Delaying pregnancy can decrease the likelihood that you'll be able to conceive. A decline in the quantity and quality of your eggs with age makes it harder to conceive.
What can I do to promote female fertility?
Healthy lifestyle choices can help you promote fertility. Take steps to:
- Maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or significantly underweight can inhibit normal ovulation.
- Prevent sexually transmitted infections. Infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea are a leading cause of infertility for women.
- Avoid the night shift, if possible. Regularly working the night shift might put you at higher risk of infertility, possibly by affecting hormone production. If you do work the night shift, try to get enough sleep when you're not working.
While stress won't keep you from getting pregnant, consider minimizing stress and practicing healthy coping methods — such as relaxation techniques — when you're trying to conceive.
What's off-limits?
Healthy lifestyle choices count here, too. To protect your fertility:
- Don't smoke. Tobacco use is associated with lower fertility. Smoking ages your ovaries and depletes your eggs prematurely. If you smoke, ask your health care provider to help you quit.
- Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. Heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of ovulation disorders. If you'd like to get pregnant, consider avoiding alcohol completely. Abstinence at conception and during pregnancy is generally recommended because a safe level of fetal alcohol consumption hasn't been established.
- Curb caffeine. Female fertility doesn't seem to be affected by caffeine intake below 200 milligrams a day. Consider limiting your caffeine intake to one or two 6- to 8-ounce cups of coffee a day.
- Be wary of overexercise. Too much vigorous physical activity can inhibit ovulation and reduce production of the hormone progesterone. If you have a healthy weight and you're thinking of becoming pregnant soon, consider limiting vigorous physical activity to less than five hours a week.
- Avoid exposure to toxins. Environmental pollutants and toxins — such as pesticides, dry-cleaning solvents and lead — can adversely affect fertility.
What's the bottom line?
If you're thinking about becoming pregnant and you're concerned about the impact of your lifestyle choices on your fertility, consult your health care provider. He or she can help you identify ways to improve your fertility and boost your chances of getting pregnant.
What juice is good for fertility?
Trying to conceive? Add these good-for-you foods to your diet.
CITRUS FRUITS
Not only are oranges, grapefruits and other citrus fruits one of the best sources for vitamin C, they’re also packed with potassium, calcium and folate—a B vitamin that can help you get pregnant by regulating ovulation and creating a healthy environment for eggs. You should aim for at least one serving of citrus fruit each day (try a medium-size grapefruit, a large orange, three clementines or one kiwi) in addition to another serving of fruits.
LEAFY GREENS
Eating dark green veggies like spinach, kale and Swiss chard is one of the best ways to take in essential prenatal nutrients like calcium, iron (especially important when you’re menstruating) and folate, which also protects against birth defects in the brain and spine that can develop in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Since it can take a few weeks to even know you’re pregnant, it’s important to load up on plenty of folate while you’re TTC. Most women don’t get enough from their diet though, so the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends taking a daily vitamin with folic acid (the synthetic version of folate) to reach the suggested 400 mcg dose.
BERRIES
Blueberries and raspberries are loaded with natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytonutrients, which help boost both female and male fertility. Like citrus, they’re high in folate and vitamin C, which can help with fetal development down the road. Berries are also a good source of fiber and can aid weight loss (women at a healthier weight tend to have less trouble conceiving), so aim for at least one cup a day.
AVOCADOS
Another great way to get your daily dose of folate is through avocados. The green, skinned fruit contains vitamin K, which helps your body effectively absorb nutrients while maintaining hormonal balance. It’s also high in potassium, a key to regulating blood pressure. Okay, avocados aren’t exactly low-cal, but they’re mostly made up of monounsaturated fats (that’s the good kind), so one a day is fine. Typically it’s best to buy organic fruits and vegetables, but you can save a few bucks here since the thick skin makes it hard for pesticides to seep in, says nutritionist Kim Ross. A great way to eat it: Spread one-third of an avocado on multigrain toast and drizzle with olive oil, another known fertility booster. It contains a high concentrate of vitamin E, which is known to stabilize and protect cells from oxidative damage, a plus for women with PCOS or diabetes.
QUINOA
You should aim for at least 50 percent of your daily grain intake to come from whole grains, and this gluten-free carb takes it a step further as a great source of protein, folate and zinc. Plus, it’s high in fiber, which can help with constipation, especially around your period. Swapping animal-based proteins for plant-based ones like quinoa helps increase your odds for conception, says nutrition expert Hillary Wright. Since the complex carbs help stabilize your blood sugar and regulate your cycle, it makes it easier to determine your peak fertile days.
GREEK YOGURT
You probably thought sticking to low-fat dairy is the healthier choice, but that’s not the case when you’re trying to boost your fertility. Luckily, it only takes one daily serving of full-fat dairy to improve fertility odds, so grab a container of Greek yogurt for breakfast or an afternoon snack. Not only does it contain more calcium than milk, but it’s packed full of probiotics and two to three times more protein than a cup of regular yogurt. It’s also a good source of vitamin D, which helps the follicles in your ovaries mature, and it strengthens bones and boosts immunity. Not a yogurt fan? Aim for 1,000 mg of calcium daily, whether it’s through a cup of full-fat milk, one ounce of cheese or another source of dairy. Just don’t take this as a cue to eat a bowl of ice cream every night (as tempting as it may be)—too much full-fat dairy will increase your saturated fat intake, and end up hurting your fertility.
SALMON
Wild salmon is a great protein alternative to meat and poultry. The fatty fish is one of the best sources of omega-3 and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), which is really important for fetal brain and eye development. Overweight and obese women are particularly DHA-deficient, so it’s a good nutrient to load up on before getting pregnant. Just keep in mind, while salmon isn’t a fish with high mercury levels, there can still be trace amounts, so you should limit your intake to 12 ounces per week, Ross says.
EGGS
The crown jewel to any TTC diet, organic eggs are packed with a high concentrate of vitamins and minerals, along with amino acids like choline, which improves follicle quality. Like folate, it helps prevent neural tube birth defects and aids in brain development. And don’t forget to keep the yolk—that’s where the good stuff is.
WALNUTS
All nuts have their benefits, but they’re not all created equal. Walnuts are high in fiber and one of the only vegetarian foods that contain omega-3. Plus, they’re filled with magnesium, which helps produce progesterone and increase blood supply to the uterus, helping with fertility. Magnesium can also ease morning sickness symptoms that women typically face in the first trimester. Like most nuts they’re high in calories, so limit your daily intake to two tablespoons.
LENTILS AND BEANS
These plant-based proteins are high in fiber and B vitamin, and are also a good source of folate and iron. If you choose a canned variety, check that it’s free of BPA, a chemical that can negatively affect your estrogen levels. To get the full benefits, aim for at least two meals per week, Wright says.
Which fruit is best for fertility?
Infertility is a problem that has been disturbing numerous lives of modern couples. It has been considerably growing over the last few years also because of inactive lifestyle choices and unhealthy habits.
One of the very significant factors that disrupt the whole process of fertility is lifestyle or consistent unhealthy practices that a person embarks on in their daily life. While one faces reproductive problems, it is a mandate to keep a track on their lifestyle and ensure that it is healthy. One should certainly inculcate the habit of going for regular workouts and consume a balanced diet. A healthy body shall fundamentally help in speeding up the process of conceiving.
Improve your Fertility with these Easy Steps | Dr. Hansaji Yogendra
Here are some superfoods that one must accommodate in their diets to boost fertility levels:
1. Nuts and dry fruits
Dried fruits and nuts are a great source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Nuts have high quantities of selenium, a mineral that declines chromosomal damage in eggs. This shall definitely help in boosting fertility levels as the damage shall be reduced due to the presence of selenium. This antioxidant keeps away free radicals and enhances egg production in the human body. Always eat a handful of nuts and dry fruits with whole fat milk every morning to boost your fertility levels.
2. Green leafy vegetables
The green leafy vegetables are a rich source of folic acid and vitamin C, which helps in improving the process of ovulation. It decreases the chances of miscarriage and genetic abnormalities. Vegetables like spinach, broccoli, kale and fenugreek must be included in the diet for greater results. Incidentally, the benefits instilled in green vegetables also help in making good quality of sperms.
3. Garlic
Garlic is a fertility boosting spice and is augmented by the presence of an antioxidant, selenium. Garlic also maintains the estrogen balance in the body and thus supports fertility. For men, it really helps in enhancing the sperm movement which increases the odds of conception when consumed regularly.
4. Dairy products
The dairy products are generally rich in calcium, good fats and vitamin D. These products are essential for improving fertility levels in couples who want to conceive faster. They nourish the body wholly and help in conceiving faster. Greek yogurt, butter and whole milk are important to consume.
5. Berries
Berries are actually excellent for both men and women who are trying to conceive. Raspberries and blueberries are rich in natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory phytonutrients, which help in boosting fertility levels. They are also a good source of folate and vitamin C, which can help with foetal development. Berries also help in weight loss and should essentially be incorporated in your fertility boosting diet.
6. Beans
Beans are packed with lean protein and iron. It is very essential to consume beans while you are trying to conceive as low levels of iron in the body leads to the production of less healthy eggs. Beans are recognised to escalate a woman’s fertility levels and even boost libido.
7. Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seeds really help in producing matured cells. They are also a rich source of zinc that aids in increasing testosterone and semen levels. It also stimulates a proper flow of blood to all the reproductive organs that sustains and controls a strong reproductive system. Pumpkin seeds are power packed with numerous benefits and the presence of abundant nutrition, thus must be consumed by one and all.
8. Bananas
Bananas are jam-packed with Vitamin B6 and help in the formation of a zygote by regulating the hormones involved in the ovulation process. It is also a rich source with potassium and Vitamin C as well. The inadequacy of potassium and vitamin B6 results in poor quality of eggs and sperms. Therefore, it is important for the intending parents to include bananas in breakfast.
9. Eggs
As we all know, eggs are a very good source of vitamins which are imperative to boost fertility levels. The presence of Omega 3 is also a source that improves the level of fertility and choline reduces the risk of some birth defects. Always try and amalgamate eggs in your breakfast.
10. Quinoa
It is vital that at least 50 percent of the daily grain intake to the prospective mother comes from whole grains. Swapping animal-based proteins for plant-based ones like quinoa helps in augmenting the chances of conception. Also, this helps in stabilising blood sugar levels and even regulates the menstrual cycle. Quinoa is a rich source of fibre too.
What foods stop you from getting pregnant?
Eating right isn't always easy—especially when you're pregnant and looking at a whole new set of nutrition rules. But even if you're just starting to think about conceiving, some dietary changes are in order.
Understanding Infertility Causes and Investigations
Part of it is eating enough fruits, vegetables, whole grains—foods that are always good for you—but more critical are the foods you should be avoiding when you're trying to get pregnant. Artificial ingredients, synthetic hormones, and potential contaminants could make conception less likely and may even be harmful to a potential fetus.
We should say: Don't freak out if you've eaten any of these things recently—they are not likely cause much harm in moderation. But if you want to be safe, your best bet is to keep these foods to a minimum when you're trying to get pregnant, and keep them mostly off the list once you get a positive test.
1. High-mercury fish
Mercury can damage the nervous system, which means that consuming mercury-rich seafood like swordfish and tuna while pregnant could directly harm the fetus, says Kendra Tolbert, R.D. (The FDA recently updated its guidelines about safe and unsafe choices; see them here.) Eating high-mercury fish before you're pregnant could build up stores of mercury in your body, which could also affect the development of the baby's nervous system. "The fetal nervous system is being formed before most women even know they are pregnant," explains registered dietitian Suzanne Fisher. Mercury may also decrease fertility.
2. Soda
A few studies have also linked soda—both diet and regular—to lower fertility. "We think it’s a combination of the inflammation and metabolic changes caused by too much blood-sugar-spiking sweeteners and gut-bacteria-changing artificial sweeteners," says Tolbert. Plus, many soft drinks come in containers that have BPA and other chemicals you might want to avoid.
3. Trans fats
Trans fats, which are found in foods like certain chips or microwave popcorns, baked goods made with shortening, and fried foods, can cause inflammation and insulin resistance, which lowers fertility, says Tolbert. And in excess they can damage your blood vessels, disrupting the flow of nutrients to the reproductive system. Men should also go easy on trans fats while the couple is trying to conceive because they decrease sperm count and quality.
4. High-glycemic-index foods
If you want to increase your fertility, avoid foods that make your blood sugar spike, especially if you're not pairing them with foods that slow down that rise. "Blood sugar spikes can cause inflammation, alter our hormones, and impede ovulation," says Tolbert. Try to choose slow-burning carbs, such as whole-wheat bread and pasta or brown rice, over refined ones when possible, and combine them with protein, fiber, and healthy fats.
5. Low-fat dairy
Low-fat milk, yogurt, and other dairy products may contain androgens, male hormones that get left in when fat is removed, says Tolbert. These foods and drinks may spur your body to produce androgens, which can interfere with your menstrual cycle.
6. Excess alcohol
The CDC recommends that women who could get pregnant avoid alcohol entirely (not exactly realistic), but if you're going to drink, Tolbert suggests capping it at seven drinks per week. Alcohol, like mercury, can contribute to infertility, and it depletes your body of vitamin B, which improves your chances of pregnancy and supports a fetus' growth.
7. Unpasteurized soft cheeses
Cheeses like Brie, Roquefort, Camembert, and Gorgonzola have a higher risk of containing listeria, which can increase your risk for miscarriage, says Fisher.
8. Deli meat
Processed meat like lunch meat and hot dogs, as well as smoked fish, are also vulnerable to listeria contamination. If you want to eat deli meat, Fisher recommends heating it up until it's steaming to kill bacteria.
9. Raw animal products
Raw meat, seafood, and eggs might contain salmonella, coliform bacteria, or toxoplasmosis, which can infect a fetus if it passes through the placenta, says Fisher. Make sure to cook all animal products thoroughly, and skip sushi, carpaccios, and the like.
Foods Which Make You Infertile
Food with increased sugar levels are considered to increase the risk of infertility. White rice, french fries, mashed potatoes, rice cakes, donuts, pumpkin and cornflakes are few foods which causes infertility among women.
Caffeine products especially coffee can lead to infertility among women. Consuming more than 300 gms of coffee per day can increase the chances of infertility. It is advised to quit having coffee if a woman is planning to conceive.
Food which is rich in trans fat also affects the fertility of a woman. Fast food, packaged food, frozen and baked foods are rich in trans fat.
Cheese which is not made with pasteurized milk can cause infertility among women. Food which has soft cheese should be avoided if it is not made with pasteurized milk. Listeria (a bacteria) has the capability to cross the placenta and affect the uterus.
Cheese which is not made with pasteurized milk can cause infertility among women. Food which has soft cheese should be avoided if it is not made with pasteurized milk. Listeria (a bacteria) has the capability to cross the placenta and affect the uterus.
Foods Which Help You To Conceive
Eat protein from vegetables, not meat. Proteins from peas, beans, soy and nuts are found to improve fertility.
Avoid skim milk while trying to get pregnant, it seems that it has negative effect. Whole milk is much better, so indulge in a glass of whole fat milk, yoghurt or ice cream daily.
Iron-rich plants such as beans, spinach, tomatoes, pumpkin, beats and whole grains are all fertility boosters.
Foods rich in fiber, such as vegetables, whole grains, fruits and beans are rich in carbohydrates that are digested slowly, improving fertility, controlling blood glucose and insulin levels.
Eggs are a source of protein, essential fats and choline. Studies have shown choline can benefit fetal development, and can even having a lasting effect on the baby as it grows.
Infertility affects about 9% of married women who are of childbearing age, according to a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While couples can't control all of the causes of infertility, they can control their eating habits. And, nutrition and a healthy body weight for both partners can have a significant impact on the ability to conceive.
NATURAL REMEDY TO BOOST OVULATION | BOOST EGG QUALITY
Women and Fertility
To prepare for pregnancy and enhance fertility, maintain a healthy weight and choose foods that will create a safe and supportive home for your baby's nine-month stay. This should include sources of folic acid, iron, and other important nutrients.
Men and Fertility
Men also should try to maintain a healthy body weight and follow a balanced eating pattern, since male obesity may alter hormone levels. Plus, low sperm count and poor sperm motility are common in men with overweight and obesity. When it comes to food choices, load up on fruits and vegetables, which contain vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that may help create strong sperm.
Find Your Healthy Weight
Increase your chance of getting pregnant by achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Weight extremes can alter hormone levels and throw ovulation off schedule. For women who are considered to be overweight or obese, due to a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 25, weight loss may improve fertility. On the other hand, women who are classified as being underweight, with a BMI below 18.5 (18.5 to 24.9 signifies a normal weight), may experience irregular menstrual cycles or stop ovulating altogether. Those who regularly participate in high-intensity exercise — such as gymnastics or dancing, have an eating disorder or follow restricted diets — often are at an increased risk.
Avoid going on fad diets, which can deplete your body of the nutrients it needs for pregnancy and find a healthy eating plan that works for you by talking to a registered dietitian nutritionist.
Include Adequate Amounts of Iron
An eating pattern rich in iron that comes from vegetables and supplements may lower the risk of ovulatory infertility, according to results from The Nurses' Health Study II, which followed 18,500 female nurses trying to get pregnant. Ovulatory infertility is only one cause of infertility.
Vegetarian foods with iron include beans, lentils, spinach, fortified cereals, long-grain enriched rice and whole grains. Add vitamin C from citrus fruits, bell peppers or berries to your meals to enhance iron absorption.
The "Fertility Diet" Pattern
Published by a team of Harvard researchers in 2007, the "Fertility Diet" study— found women with ovulatory infertility who followed this eating pattern had a 66% lower risk of ovulatory infertility and a 27% reduced risk of infertility from other causes than women who didn't follow the diet closely.
Women following the "fertility diet" chose:
Less trans fat and more monounsaturated fat (from foods such as avocados and olive oil)
Less animal protein and more vegetable protein
More high-fiber, low-glycemic carbohydrate-rich foods (including whole grains)
More vegetarian sources of iron and fewer meat sources
Multivitamins
High-fat dairy instead of low-fat dairy
In general, eating more vegetables and a variety of types, eating healthy monounsaturated fats instead of saturated and trans fats, making at least half your grains whole, and getting enough calcium-rich foods — including dairy — will help you meet nutrient needs and promote a healthy weight.
Don't Forget Folic Acid
While it won't make you more fertile, it is crucial that women trying to conceive obtain 400 micrograms per day of folic acid from supplements (if considering taking any supplements, including folic acid, talk to your health care provider first) and include foods such as dark leafy green vegetables and fortified grains. Folic acid is needed to prevent neural tube defects. The neural tube develops into the brain and spine three to four weeks after conception, before most women even realize they're pregnant.
How to improve egg quality naturally
For more information on foods for fertility and creating a personalized eating plan, consult a registered dietitian nutritionist.
The study of spermicidal effects of lemon juice and juices from other natural products consisting of pineapple juice, apple juice and aloe vera juice, was carried out to develop methods of contraception using natural products. Semen was donated by 20 men from infertile couples who came to an infertility clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from 1 November 2007 to 31 March 2010. Spermicidal effects were measured by observing changes in sperm viability, morphology and motility after the semen was mixed with lemon juice and the juices from the other natural products (pineapple juice, apple juice and aloe vera juice). Changes in sperm characteristics were compared with pure semen left at room temperature. After the semen was mixed with lemon juice, sperm were instantaneously immobilized and irreversibly deformed. A reduced spermicidal effect was observed when the semen was mixed with the other juices. A second, profound spermicidal effect was observed when semen was mixed with pineapple juice. The least effects were observed when the semen was mixed with aloe vera juice. This information can be used for the further development of natural barrier methods of contraception.
You should avoid putting lemon juice into your vagina, but that’s the only way it could actually affect anything. Apparently it’s acidic enough to kill sperm. It’s also acidic enough to be a skin irritant if it stays in contact for long enough.
Dr Bronner’s Magic Soap used to (probably still does) come with various tracts about his religious views. I remember reading something on a soap wrapper about using lemon juice as birth control. I have a bottle of Dr Bronner’s liquid castile, and I can’t find the reference on it, so it may have changed but the ‘straight dope’ website seems to back up my memory.
What are the side effects of lemon juice?
Lemon water is touted by some experts and celebrities for its long list of benefits, including preventing dehydration, assisting with digestion, and supporting weight loss.
But consuming too much of the acidic drink can come with harmful side effects, especially if you're prone to reflux or add copious quantities of lemon juice to your water.
Here are six dangerous things that can happen when you drink too much lemon water:
Editor's note: Most of these would take quite a large consumption of lemon juice before becoming a problem.
It can damage your teeth.
teeth check
Drinking too much lemon water might erode your tooth enamel. Nico de Pasquale/Getty Images
Since lemons are highly acidic, frequent exposure can erode your tooth enamel, according to the American Dental Association.
If that doesn't convince you to totally ditch lemon water, at least try to drink it out of a straw to cut down on the direct acid exposure on your teeth.
You should also avoid brushing your teeth right after consuming lemon water and drink plenty of plain water along with your citrus-infused beverages.
How to Cure Infertility Naturally
Too much lemon water can upset your stomach.
stomach ache body ache sick flu
Lemon water can cause heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Milos Dimic/Getty Images
Although lemon water's wide range of benefits often centers on gut health, according to Medical News Today, squeezing too much in your water can worsen common maladies like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and acid reflux.
GERD and acid reflux are triggered by acidic foods, including lemons. Symptoms include heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
Lemon skins serve as a host for unpleasant germs.
lemon squeeze lemonade
Squeeze the lemon into your drink to avoid germs on the rind. Education Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images
You may want to steer clear of putting lemon wedges in your water when you're at a restaurant.
In a 2007 study from the Journal of Environmental Health, researchers tested 76 lemon samples from 21 different restaurants during 43 visits and found that many of the lemons contained microorganisms, including some pathogenic ones that may cause diseases. However, the authors noted that there haven't been any diseases or outbreaks linked to lemons.
If the idea of a germy lemon still makes your stomach turn, you can squeeze the lemon into your drink instead of dropping the whole wedge in. And if you see employees handling lemons with their bare hands, it might be best to stick to plain water.
The acidity of lemon water may cause or worsen canker sores.
Cankersorecauses
Canker sores can be caused by acidic or spicy food, braces, or vitamin deficiencies. Alona Siniehina/Getty Images
Although most canker sores will clear up on their own within a week or two, drinking too much lemon water has the potential to exacerbate existing canker sores, according to the American Dental Association.
If you find yourself getting canker sores after consuming acidic foods or drinks — including lemon water — you may want to cut back on potential irritants.
Citrus fruits may be a trigger for migraine sufferers.
headache
Some researchers have found a link between lemons and headaches. Jamie Grill/Getty Images
Some studies over the years have investigated a possible connection between migraines and citrus fruits.
Lemons, limes, and oranges are all relatively high tyramine — a natural monoamine that's been linked to headaches — compared to other fruits.
Although no direct link between lemon water and headaches has been found, some people who get chronic migraines may identify citrus fruits as a trigger. If you suffer from frequent migraines, doctors recommend keeping a headache diary to learn what may be setting off the attacks.
Does lemon affect female fertility?
Lemon juice has been used by Mediterranean women as their main method of contraception. In the Nigerian traditional society, women of child bearing age are advised against the intake of lemon if they want to conceive because it is believed to have contraceptive effect. This necessitated the investigation of the effect of lemon juice on the reproductive hormones. The study evaluated the effect of lemon juice on the reproductive hormones of female Wistar rats. A range of doses (0.41 g/ml-6.5 g/ml) of freshly prepared lemon juice (Citrus limon) were administered through the intraperitoneal route to 20 female Wistar rats (200-300 g). Acute toxicity tests were carried out using the Arithmetic method of Kaabar. LD50 was determined to be LD50 ip, 2.13 g/ml. Lemon Juice caused statistical dose-dependent reduction in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from 3.68 ± 0.1 units to 0.6 units and luteinising hormone (LH) from 5.63 units to 1.2 units. However, lemon juice had little or no effect on the levels of the other hormones (estradiol, progesterone and prolactin). The reduction in the levels of these hormones (FSH & LH) suggests a possible mechanism of contraception.
Your fertility questions, answered
Keywords: Lemon juice, reproductive hormones, female Wistar rats, contraception
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm-immobilizing properties of lemon juice to determine if they are consistent with its traditional contraceptive use. It was found that lemon juice supernatant (LJS) has high osmolality (550–60 mOsm) and low pH (2.2–2.6) and that addition of LJS to semen to give a final concentration of 20% v/v reduced the pH from around 8.4 to 4.1. This acidification was associated with irreversible cessation of all sperm movements within 1 minute. In conclusion, lemon juice should be further evaluated for acceptability, safety, and efficacy as a topical vaginal contraceptive agent.
Lemon juice has been used as a traditional intravaginal contraceptive throughout the Mediterranean region for hundreds of years. In Norman Himes’s 1963 classic, Medical History of Contraception, he stated that “the practice of some Constantinople women of soaking a sponge in diluted lemon juice and using it as a vaginal tampon is theoretically not surpassed in reliability by any modern clinical contraceptive” (1). Even the great libertine Casanova advocated the use of half a lemon as a precursor to today’s cervical caps and diaphragms (1). Lemon juice douches are still in use today where more modern contraceptive techniques are unavailable (2, 3). With such widespread traditional use, lemon juice must provide some protection against unwanted pregnancy.
The spermicidal properties of lemon juice are possibly due to the high concentration of citric acid (1). It is well documented that sperm are sensitive to low pH (4). More recent studies clearly show that acidic solutions can immobilize sperm within minutes. The immobilizing and spermicidal properties of hydrochloric acid added to semen were linearly related to the resulting hydrogen ion concentration in the mixture over a pH range of 7.5–4.0, and the lowered extracellular pH rapidly induced acidification of the intracellular compartment (5). Previous investigations have demonstrated that dynein ATPase in the sperm midpiece is required to energize the sperm tail (6). The acidic pH of lemon juice may immobilize sperm by denaturing dynein ATPase.
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of lemon juice for immobilizing human sperm in fresh semen. Lemon juice may provide a simple answer to the vital need for a cheap, female controlled contraceptive for use where condoms are unavailable, too expensive, or socially unacceptable. In addition, lemon juice has significant potential for reducing HIV transmission (7).
Lemon juice supernatant (LJS) was prepared by centrifuging freshly squeezed lemon juice at 2,000 Gmax for 5 minutes at room temperature. LJS was stored at 4°C until use. LJS had an osmolality of 550–60 mOsm and a pH of 2.2–2.6.
Fourteen normal semen samples were obtained from consenting patients or sperm donors at the Andrology Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The subjects signed a consent form containing a statement approved by the Institutional Research and Ethics Committee regarding the use of their semen for “nonfertilization research.” Collected semen samples were liquefied by 30 minutes incubation at 37°C before use. Varying volumes of neat LJS were then added to an aliquot of each ejaculate to give final concentrations of between 0 and 20% (v/v). Sperm motility was measured using computer-aided semen analysis with a Hamilton-Thorne Motility Analyzer (Version 10.8 software, Hamilton Thorne Biosciences, Beverley, MA 01915), while sperm viability was determined through dye exclusion using the eosin-nigrosin membrane integrity stain.
Initial observations showed that LJS at a 20% v/v mixture with semen reduced the pH to 4.1 and resulted in zero motility of sperm within 1 minute. No twitching or shuddering of sperm was observed. LJS at 10% v/v reduced the pH to approximately 5.2 and resulted in zero progressive motility within 15 minutes, but the sperm were observed to retain faint shudders up until 3 hours of incubation, when no further movement was observed. LJS at 5% v/v reduced the pH to approximately 6.5, and significant progressive motility was retained at 15 minutes and 3 hours of incubation at 37°C. For comparison, the pH of the original semen was 8.4.
A second experiment using 10% LJS showed that at 1 minute sperm were still progressive, albeit sluggish, but by 10 minutes there was no progression, only tiny shudders. Dye exclusion using eosin-nigrosin showed that the sperm retained their membrane integrity (two sperm samples gave 83% and 95% viability when tested after 10 minutes incubation). The remainder of the samples that had undergone the 10-minute incubation were washed once in Tyrode solution containing 0.3% bovine serum albumin, which resulted in restoration of good progressive motility, which was retained after 5 hours and overnight incubation. A third experiment using semen samples from three individuals showed that 10% LJS reduced progressive motility to zero in two samples and to <0.1% in the third sample after 10 minutes at 37°C. Washing readily restored progressive motility as was found in the previous experiment, and the progressive motility was retained on examination after a further hour of incubation. A total of nine semen samples from different individuals were treated with 10% LJS, with all responding in a similar way.
Another experiment focused on the time of incubation with 10% LJS versus motility restoration after subsequent washing. This showed that incubation for up to 60 minutes with 10% LJS at 37°C allowed essentially full motility recovery after washing, whereas 2 hours of incubation resulted in only about 50% of the original motility being recovered, and 4 hours incubation resulted in no motility recovery.
An experiment using 20% LJS showed that the semen-LJS mixture pH was 4.2 after 10 minutes incubation, resulting in zero progressive motility and no shuddering. In addition, no motility was restored after washing. However, most sperm had retained viability as assessed by dye exclusion.
Finally, the time course of sperm motility inhibition was measured for different concentrations of LJS (Table 1). The highest concentration (20% LJS) stopped all sperm movements within 1 minute. The lower concentrations resulted in highly significant motility reductions within 5 minutes, but 10% LJS took 30–60 minutes to stop all sperm movements.
TABLE 1The effect of lemon juice supernatant on human sperm motility.
Hours at 37°C LJS (v/v%) in semen
0% 5% 10% 20%
0 52 (10.4) 32 (7.3) 5 (3.2) 0
1 48 (10.8) 25 (7.8) 0 0
4 39 (11.1) 13 (4.4) 0 0
16 1 (0.9) 0 0 0
Note: The values represent the mean (SEM) for five semen samples from different men.
Clarke. Sperm immobilization by lemon juice. Fertil Steril 2006.
Open table in a new tab
The results obtained in this investigation are consistent with the traditional use of lemon juice as a vaginal contraceptive since the eighteenth century. They are also in agreement with previous scientific studies that have shown that acidic conditions rapidly reduce sperm motility. A previous study found that soft drinks containing lemon juice immobilized all sperm within 1 minute (8), but this is apparently the first report of the spermicidal properties of lemon juice without additives, and we have found almost identical results using lime juice. The results indicate that a minimum concentration (v/v) of 20% lemon juice would be required to irreversibly immobilize 100% of spermatozoa. The efficacy of this concentration of lemon juice as a vaginal contraceptive would require adequate mixing of the ejaculated semen and lemon juice during intercourse. Ejaculate volume in normal men rarely exceeds 5 mL, so it would be necessary to deliver at least 1.5 mL of lemon juice into the vagina to obtain the desired concentration. A formal clinical trial of the acceptability, safety, and efficacy of lemon juice as a cheap and widely available vaginal contraceptive is urgently needed before its use can be promoted.
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