Narcissists think they are more knowledgeable, better leaders, and more attractive than others are. Higher narcissism scores in celebrities than in non-celebrities (Young & Pinsky, 2006) raise the question of whether narcissistic individuals actually are, to some degree, more knowledgeable or attractive than other individuals are. Because little research has investigated the degree to which narcissists’ ratings of their attractiveness are inflated relative to others’ ratings of their attractiveness, we asked men and women to evaluate their own attractiveness, and then we asked two separate panels of judges to view and rate facial shots of these men and women. More narcissistic men and women rated themselves as more attractive than less narcissistic individuals did, but outside judges did not rate more and less narcissistic individuals as any different in attractiveness.
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... Assessment by multiple observers is more reliable than single observers and validly predicts behaviour (Klonsky, Oltmanns, & Turkheimer, 2002). There are some objective indications of true narcissistic grandiosity from studies where strangers rated participants with higher narcissism scores as more likeable and attractive (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008;Friedman, Oltmanns, Gleason, & Turkheimer, 2006), while others found no such effects (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). Narcissism was unrelated to IQ-test scores (Gerstenberg, Imhoff, Banse, & Schmitt, 2014). ...
... So far, evidence suggests that narcissism is related to IQ overestimation compared with IQ-test results (e.g. Gerstenberg et al., 2014), and to overestimating performance, leadership and attractiveness relative to peer ranking (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;Carlson et al., 2011;Robins & Beer, 2001). Several drawbacks hamper the generalizability of these findings, however, like the use of suboptimal objective criteria, sole focus on a specific performance, not controlling for gender, and different ways of calculating the subjective-objective discrepancy score or a lack thereof. ...
... Although these seem to contradict with some earlier findings suggesting higher levels of attractiveness and likeability on first encounters (e.g. Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010;Carlson et al., 2011), these are in line with those of others (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008), and the magnitude of the relation in the current study is similar to that reported in a meta-analysis on the relationship between narcissism and attractiveness (Holtzman & Strube, 2010). Alternatively, different attractiveness scores could have been obtained Note: The raw scores are based on original scalings; the transformed scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, in order to enhance understanding of change score. ...
... First, narcissists usually have overly positive self-views, especially of their own physical appearance (Buffardi and Campbell 2008;Buss and Chiodo 1991). They make much account of their physical appearance (Davis et al. 2001) and usually overestimate their attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008;Gabriel et al. 1994). Empirical research has demonstrated that narcissism has a positive relation to body satisfaction (Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008;Chan and Tsang 2014;Lipowska and Lipowski 2015). ...
... They make much account of their physical appearance (Davis et al. 2001) and usually overestimate their attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008;Gabriel et al. 1994). Empirical research has demonstrated that narcissism has a positive relation to body satisfaction (Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008;Chan and Tsang 2014;Lipowska and Lipowski 2015). A metaanalysis also shows a reliable positive relation between narcissism and body attractiveness (Holtzman and Strube 2010). ...
... For the first stage of the mediation process, our finding is consistent with the definition of narcissism which indicates that narcissists usually have overly positive self-view, especially of their own physical appearance (Buffardi and Campbell 2008;Buss and Chiodo 1991). Moreover, this finding supports the premise that narcissistic individuals have more positive body image, which is congruent with previous research (Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008;Chan and Tsang 2014;Lipowska and Lipowski 2015). For the second stage of the mediation process, our finding parallels previous research that suggests higher degrees of body satisfaction lead to a greater extent of online body display including selfie-posting (Chan and Tsang 2014;Fox and Vendemia 2016;Ridgway and Clayton 2016). ...
... Samoocena atrakcyjności kobiety obniża się po obejrzeniu przez nią twarzy pięknych kobiet, zaś u mężczyzn takie doświadczenie skutkuje spadkiem samooceny statusu (CASH et al. 1983, WADE i ABETZ 1997, LITTLE i MANNION 2006. Samoocena AtrTw silnie ujemnie koreluje z neurotycznym perfekcjonizmem (DAVIS et al. 2001), silnie dodatnio z zadowoleniem z życia i ogólną samooceną (DIENER et al. 1995) oraz z popędem seksualnym (WELLING et al. 2008a), umiarkowanie dodatnio z postrzeganiem ważności AtrFiz w życiu (SWAMI et al. 2007) oraz nieznacznie dodatnio z narcyzmem (GABRIEL et al. 1994, BLESKE-RECHEK et al. 2008 i jakością relacji z rodzicami w dzieciństwie . Ponieważ narcystyczni mężczyźni i kobiety cechują się wyższą samooceną atrakcyjności, ale nie obiektywnie wyższą atrakcyjnością (tzn. ...
... Ponieważ narcystyczni mężczyźni i kobiety cechują się wyższą samooceną atrakcyjności, ale nie obiektywnie wyższą atrakcyjnością (tzn. zdaniem niezależnych sędziów), można wykluczyć możliwość, że przyczyną wysokiego mniemania o swojej urodzie jest faktycznie ponadprzeciętna atrakcyjność (BLESKE-RECHEK et al. 2008). LITTLE et al. (2001) odkryli, że kobiety o wysokiej samoocenie wykazują silniejszą preferencję dla symetrycznych i zmaskulinizowanych twarzy mężczyzn, ale tylko w kontekście długiego, a nie krótkiego związku. ...
... podrozdział 5.2). Na przykład, osoby narcystyczne wysoko oceniają swoją AtrTw, ale wcale nie są atrakcyjniejsi według niezależnych sędziów (BLESKE-RECHEK et al. 2008). Można jednak podejrzewać, że mechanizmy psychiczne związane z oceną kandydata na partnera mogą bazować na nieświadomych, ale bardziej rzetelnych "danych" o własnej atrakcyjności. ...
... Oftentimes, narcissists are thought to lack basic self-awareness [36]. Indeed, narcissists are often unaware of the limitations or flaws in their own abilities [37,38], attractiveness [39,40], popularity [41], and social skills [37]. However, some evidence indicates that narcissists are self-aware of their own narcissistic tendencies, often describing themselves as arrogant [42]. ...
... Participants primarily identified as Caucasian or white (79%) followed by African-American or Black (9%), Asian/Pacific-Islander (7%), Latino (6%), American-Indian or Alaska Native (3%), and "other" or "prefer not to say" (1%). Of this sample, 22.5% were between the ages of [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]44.5% were between the ages of [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]25.9% were between the ages of 41-60, and 7.1% were over the age of 60. Participants were asked to participate in an online survey entitled "Personality, Beliefs and Behavior" in exchange for financial compensation ($.50). ...
... Age-group stereotypes (sample 1a, 2, 3). To assess participants' beliefs about the personality characteristics of each age-grouping, participants were asked to directly compare five agegroups as follows: "Adolescents; (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)," "Young Adults (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)," "Adults (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)," "Middle Age (41-60)," and "Older Adults (60+)." Respondents were asked to compare these groups in response to the following prompt, "How well do you think the following age groups are described by the word(s) ____." ...
... Second, we considered SE and PSV with respect to agentic and communal content domains. Previous research has indicated that individuals high in narcissism tend to particularly value their attributes in domains such as physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;Gabriel et al., 1994), intelligence (e.g., Gabriel et al., 1994), and leader-like status Judge et al., 2006), that is, regarding agentic characteristics. This should predominantly hold for admiration, the agentic aspect of grandiose narcissism. ...
... Third, to operationalize SE, we considered three criteria to which self-reports have typically been compared: reputations (i.e., acquaintances' reports about a target; Kwan et al., 2008;Paulhus, 1998), targets' perceptions of others (i.e., perceiver effects; Kwan et al., 2008;J. D. Brown, 1986), and objective criteria (i.e., psychometric tests or ratings of trained coders; Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;Gabriel et al., 1994). Here, we applied all three criteria and explored potential differences in narcissism's associations with them. ...
... Second, we considered SE and PSV with respect to agentic and communal content domains. Previous research has indicated that individuals high in narcissism tend to particularly value their attributes in domains such as physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994), intelligence (e.g., Gabriel et al., 1994), and leader-like status (Grijalva, Harms, Newman, Gaddis, & Fraley, 2015;Judge, LePine, & Rich, 2006), that is, regarding agentic characteristics. This should predominantly hold for admiration, the agentic aspect of grandiose narcissism. ...
... Third, to operationalize SE, we considered three criteria to which self-reports have typically been compared: reputations (i.e., acquaintances' reports about a target; Kwan, John, Robins, & Kuang, 2008;Paulhus, 1998), targets' perceptions of others (i.e., perceiver effects; Kwan et al., 2008;Brown, 1986), and objective criteria (i.e., psychometric tests or ratings of trained coders; Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;Gabriel et al., 1994). Here, we applied all three criteria and explored potential differences in narcissism's associations with them. ...
... This finding is not consistent with the previous research findings. Some studies suggest that narcissists have prejudices in romantic relationships and self-perceptions (26). Individuals with high narcissism scores have been reported to be in constant doubt about the loyalty levels of their romantic partners, (27) and to exhibit low fidelity characteristics (28). ...
... Narcissists are fond of flaunting, enjoy grabbing the attention of others, and are acutely interested in their physical appearance (29,30). Narcissists highly value attractiveness (26) and appearing clean and wellgroomed, and they make great efforts to behave fashionably (30). They are neither successful in loving themselves nor loving others (7,9). ...
Article
Full-text available
- Jan 2019
... Given the dearth of extant research, we did not offer hypotheses regarding the relationship between extrinsic emotion regulation strategies and pathological narcissism but included this as an exploratory component of the study. It was conceivable that pathological narcissism would be associated with greater use of extrinsic affect-improving emotion regulation strategies, representing the idea that narcissists may view themselves as physically attractive (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008) and judge others as liking them (Carlson et al., 2011). However, given that narcissism is associated with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional jealousy (Chin et al., 2017), interpersonal exploitativeness (Casale et al., 2019), and lack of empathy (Jankowiak-Siuda & Zajkowski, 2013), it was also plausible that pathological narcissism would be associated with greater use of extrinsic affect-worsening emotion regulation strategies. ...
... However, this interpretation would be at odds with the notion that narcissistic grandiosity is characterized by exploitativeness and harmful interpersonal behaviors (Casale et al., 2019;Chin et al., 2017;Jankowiak-Siuda & Zajkowski, 2013). Some research suggests that grandiose narcissists may appear charming and impressive to others in the short term (Czarna et al., 2014) but over time are likely to cause relational conflict (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008). Thus, the second possible interpretation is that individuals who have higher levels of narcissistic grandiosity simply view themselves as making others feel better, perhaps representing a form of self-sacrificing self-enhancement. ...
... These characteristics of narcissism can potentially explain why some individuals are obsessed with selfies. Basically, narcissists tend to be concerned about physical appearance (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). They like to dress and adorn themselves in provocative, attention-grabbing ways and overestimate their attractiveness in the eyes of others (Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling, 2008). ...
... These findings suggested that individuals who reported higher degree of selfies liking tended to exhibit these characteristics to a greater extent than those who reported lower degree of selfies liking. More specifically, these results were consistent with previous research, which found that narcissistic individuals who liked to create self-impressions tended to be more prone to engaging in unhealthy behaviors that allowed them to fulfill this desire (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;DeWall et al., 2011). Indeed, the findings were also consistent with extant studies, which proposed that computer-mediated communication, especially social media, could serve as a means for individuals to enhance self-presentational behaviors (Ellison, Heino, & Gibbs, 2006;Mehdizadeh, 2010). ...
Article
Full-text available
- Jul 2016
... Therefore, self-assessment depends mainly on those features that are most important for mate value of each sex. The evaluation of own attractiveness also correlates with psychological well-being [Noles et al. 1985, Diener et al. 1995, mental health [Feingold 1992], and narcissism [Gabriel et al. 1994, Bleske-Rechek et al. 2008] which may be a cue to mate value and/or sexual strategy [Holtzman & Strube 2010]. ...
Article
Full-text available
- Jan 2011
... Narcissists are exhibitionistic, attention-seeking, and acutely concerned about their physical appearance ( Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling, 2008). They make great efforts to look well groomed and fashionable, and they tend to overestimate their attractiveness ( Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). Therefore, narcissists are likely to share more photos of themselves on SNSs and edit their selfi es to maximize their attractiveness in order to affi rm their illusions of physical desirability and convey their perceived superiority to others ( Jonason, Lyons, Baughman, & Vernon, 2014). ...
Chapter
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- Jun 2017
... For example, Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling (2008) found that narcissistic individuals are more likely than less narcissistic individuals to have a neat, organized appearance that seems to require extensive preparation, and to wear expensive and stylish clothing; these authors further reported narcissistic females (relative to less narcissistic females) are more likely to wear makeup, have plucked eyebrows, and show cleavage, whereas narcissistic males (relative to less narcissistic males) are less likely to wear eyeglasses. Third, and as noted earlier, narcissistic individuals perceive themselves to be more physically attractive than do less narcissistic individuals (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008), and, in fact, meta-analytic evidence shows a small but reliable narcissism-attractiveness association (Holtzman & Strube, 2010); perhaps unsurprisingly, narcissistic individuals spend more time looking in the mirror at themselves that do less narcissistic individuals (Robins & John, 1997). Moreover, those who post selfies typically report doing so because they believe they look good in their photos and want others to view them as such (Wickel, 2015). ...
Chapter
Full-text available
- Nov 2017
... Two studies have reported negative relationships between egalitarianism and self-perceived attractiveness in women (Price et al., 2011;Sell et al., 2009b), and an additional study (not cited above) reported positive correlations between self-perceived attractiveness and support for inequality in both women and men (Belmi & Neale, 2014). However, as just noted, self-perceived attractiveness does not appear to reliably reflect attractiveness as perceived by others, and thus seems like a relatively unreliable measure of social bargaining power (although it may be a useful measure of personality traits such as narcissism [Bleske-Rechek, Remiker & Baker, 2008] or confidence). ...
... Narcissists are attention seeking. They are very concerned about their physical appearances (Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling, 2008) and overestimate their physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994). It is not surprising that narcissism predicted higher self-ratings of Facebook profile picture over and above extraversion (Ong et al., 2011). ...
... This model is consistent with the observation that narcissistic individuals tend to show a strong interest in short-term, opportunistic mating opportunities (e.g., casual sex; Foster, Shrira, & Campbell, 2006;Jonason, Li, Webster, & Schmitt, 2009;McDonald, Donnellan, & Navarrete, 2012) and are often relatively successful in terms of making themselves attractive for these sorts of encounters because they appear at least initiallyto be confident, entertaining, and exciting (e.g., Dufner, Rauthmann, Czarna, & Denissen, 2013;Foster et al., 2006;Jonason, Valentine, Li, & Harbeson, 2011;Oltmanns, Friedman, Fiedler, & Turkheimer, 2004). Although narcissistic individuals tend to have overly positive evaluations of their own physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994), there is only a smallbut consistentassociation between narcissism and physical attractiveness (Holtzman & Strube, 2010). However, narcissistic individuals tend to invest more effort in their physical appearance by spending more time grooming and wearing fashionable clothes (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010;Davis, Dionne, & Shuster, 2001;Holtzman & Strube, 2013;Vazire et al., 2008). ...
Article
Full-text available
- Dec 2017
... Though results were largely consistent across the memory cues representing each of the four Valence × Agency conditions, gender moderated the extent to which narcissism and self-esteem predicted phenomenology for the attractive AM, with narcissism predicting phenomenology ratings for only the female participants. Note that narcissists of both genders rate their own attractiveness more favourably than do non-narcissists (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994;Holtzman & Strube, 2010). Moreover, men and women do not differ on the of the exhibitionism NPI subfacet, which reflects vanity (Grijalva et al., 2015). ...
... And it seems that even if narcissists do not already hold a high rank, they will be more likely than non-narcissists to believe they will rise in rank. Narcissists believe that they are better than others in various status-relevant domains (e.g., Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Campbell, Rudich, & Sedikides, 2002), so if they start a new job, they will expect to outperform others and therefore rise more quickly in rank. ...
Article
Full-text available
- Sep 2016
... People who score high in narcissism also tend to self-enhance (see Morf, Horvath, & Torchetti, 2011, for a review). For example, they tend to rate themselves higher than objective ratings in terms of intelligence and attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994). They also tend to view themselves as better than others and they are less accurate when rating themselves compared to when rating others (John & Robins, 1994). ...
Article
Full-text available
- Apr 2014
... This refers specifically to masculine or gender-emphatic attributes (e.g., muscularity; Moskowitz, Rieger, & Seal, 2009) and conforming to rigid ideal physical images (Brown & Graham, 2008). Thus, the higher levels of narcissism grandiosity of homosexual men relative to homosexual women might reflect general self-reported predisposition to all that is desirable according to the male homosexual ideal, including own physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). Second, Alexander and Nunno (1996) suggested that many homosexual men feel shame, guilt, and depression, partially due to conflict between natural sexual feelings and condemnatory societal behavioral norms, possibly reflecting attitudes somewhat different from those of homosexual women. ...
... The results of this are equivocal. One study found that narcissists think that they are hotter than average, but they are not (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008 ). Another found a small positive correlation of + .23 between narcissism and observer-evaluated physical attractiveness (Vazire et al., 2008 ). ...
Article
Full-text available
- Jan 2011
... As implied by the original myth of Narcissus, high levels of attention to personal appearance and a desire to display appearance are integral components of narcissism (Back, Schmulke, & Egloff, 2010;Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling, 2008). These, in turn, drive the positive associations seen between narcissism and objectively-measured (Holtzman & Strube, 2010) and self-perceived attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). ...
... Overall, findings from this investigation suggest that posting selfies, as with other self-promoting SNS behaviors, represents an avenue through which narcissistic needs are expressed through social media. For example, narcissistic individuals consider themselves to be physically attractive (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker & Baker, 2008) and, in fact, meta-analytic evidence suggests they are (Holtzman & Strube, 2010). Hence, these individuals may consider selfie-posting as a conduit through which they can use their looks to garner both attention and admiration. ...
... Along with some overlap with more ''objective'' (or observer-rated) attractiveness, also observed in the present study (r = .28, p\.001), subjective attractiveness likely reflects individual differences in such constructs as self-esteem and narcissism (e.g., Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994). It would be interesting to assess these constructs (e.g., narcissism) in future research on sexual fantasies, as the overlap of subjective attractiveness with''objective''(observer-rated) attractiveness is likely not driving the production of ODSC themes in sexual fantasies. ...
... This model is consistent with the observation that narcissistic individuals tend to show a strong interest in short-term, opportunistic mating opportunities (e.g., casual sex; Foster, Shrira, & Campbell, 2006;Jonason, Li, Webster, & Schmitt, 2009;McDonald, Donnellan, & Navarrete, 2012) and are often relatively successful in terms of making themselves attractive for these sorts of encounters because they appear at least initiallyto be confident, entertaining, and exciting (e.g., Dufner, Rauthmann, Czarna, & Denissen, 2013;Foster et al., 2006;Jonason, Valentine, Li, & Harbeson, 2011;Oltmanns, Friedman, Fiedler, & Turkheimer, 2004). Although narcissistic individuals tend to have overly positive evaluations of their own physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008;Gabriel, Critelli, & Ee, 1994), there is only a smallbut consistentassociation between narcissism and physical attractiveness (Holtzman & Strube, 2010). However, narcissistic individuals tend to invest more effort in their physical appearance by spending more time grooming and wearing fashionable clothes (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010;Davis, Dionne, & Shuster, 2001;Holtzman & Strube, 2013;Vazire et al., 2008). ...
... Narcissists are more likely to post their attractive pictures on SNSs and to be inclined to update their profile status frequently (Wang, Jackson, Zhang, & Su, 2012). Also, research in psychology reports that individuals with higher levels of narcissism are more attentive to their physical appearance (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). Whether they are truly attractive or not does not matter, perceiving themselves as attractive is what influences peo- ple to post selfies frequently. ...
... Grandiose narcissists are perceived by others as sexy [22], which likely aids them in attracting short-term mates and possibly exciting sexual desire in others [23]. Likewise, people who engage in attractiveness self-enhancement are able to attain more (short-term) sexual partners [24], and grandiose narcissists are known to inflate their own ratings of attractiveness [25]. This might lead them to pursue short-term mates beyond those who are not actually available to them or "out of their league" [26]. ...
... According to Jones and Paulhus' conceptualization [20], DTT includes the grandiose variant of narcissism characterized by an ego-reinforcement. Hence, individuals high on this trait are generally known for holding very positive self-views [21][22][23][24][25], by adopting selfpresentational strategies to garner positive feedback from others, as suggested by the dynamic selfregulatory process model [26]. In this sense, narcissists have been characterized as "social oriented" people [27] and, as they activate strategies for assertive self-enhancement [28], it would be likely to hypothesize that these individuals use a pleasure-oriented cognitive strategy that blunts the impact of life's adversities, thus contributing to experiencing more frequent positive emotions. ...
Article
Full-text available
- May 2020
... Narcissists' needs for positivity and admiration can be well satisfied via SNS. In one way, narcissists can selectively post positive selfdescriptions and selfies to affirm their own positive images (Bleske-Rechek et al., 2008;Winter et al., 2014). Narcissists can further take advantage of SNS to pursue connections with as many friends as possible and to show off what they are engaged in to a wide range of acquaintances (Bergman et al., 2011). ...
... Elde edilen bu bulgu, literatür kaynaklarındaki bulgulardan farklılık göstermektedir. Bazı çalışmalar, narsisistlerin romantik ilişkilerde ve kendilik algılarında ön yargılara sahip olduklarını göstermektedir(26). Yüksek narsisizm puanları elde edilen bireylerin romantik partnerlerinin bağlılık düzeyleriyle ilgili sürekli şüphe içerisinde oldukları,(27) kendilerinin de düşük sadakat özellikleri gösterdikleri (28) ifade edilmektedir. ...
Article
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- Jan 2019
... Nevertheless researches also indicate that the difference in the levels of narcissism taking up gender per se is almost non-existent (Jackson, Ervin, & Hodge, 1992;Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008). Further Roberts, Edmonds, & Grijalva (2010) have also pointed towards the affect of age on narcissism, which states that narcissism decreases as the age of people increase. ...
... Weiser (2015) found that online selfies, together with other self-aggrandizing online behavior, is becoming an increasingly legitimate means to express one's narcissism in public. Narcissistic people self-define as physically attractive (Bleske-Rechek, Remiker, & Baker, 2008) and research suggests that they are in fact so (Holtzman & Strube, 2010). These people may consider posting selfies to be a vector to leverage their good looks, to obtain online self-validation, attention and admiration (Weiser, 2015). ...
... Authors further argued that narcissists always want to be center of attraction. Explicitly, narcissism is related with supremacy, an affirmative and magnified self-view of an individual in terms of intelligence, power, and physical attractiveness (Bleske-Rechek, et al., 2008). Physical appearance is of paramount importance for more narcissistic individuals in comparison to less narcissistic individuals are (Vazire et al., 2008). ...
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