Thursday, 2 July 2020

James Dunn (actor)

James Howard Dunn (November 2, 1901 – September 1, 1967), billed as Jimmy Dunn in his early career,[1] was an American stage, film, and television actor, and vaudeville performer. The son of a New York stockbroker, he initially worked in his father's firm but was more interested in theater. He landed jobs as an extra in short films produced by Paramount Pictures in its Long Island studio, and also performed with several stock theater companies, culminating with playing the male lead in the 1929 Broadway musical Sweet Adeline. This performance attracted the attention of film studio executives, and in 1931, Fox Film signed him to a Hollywood contract.

His screen debut in the 1931 film Bad Girl made him an overnight box-office star and he was cast as the lead in a succession of romantic drama and comedy films. In 1934, he co-starred with Shirley Temple in her first three films. In 1935, at the height of his popularity, he broke his studio contract two years before it expired and became a free agent. With musicals on the wane in the late 1930s, he was cast in a series of B movies and began struggling with alcoholism in his personal life. In 1945, having not worked for a major studio for five years, he was selected by director Elia Kazan for the role of Johnny Nolan, the dreamy alcoholic father in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945), which earned him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

The Oscar did not advance his film career, however, and while he still found roles in Broadway productions, he became a character actor on television. He had a regular role in the hit sitcom It's a Great Life from 1954 to 1956, and guest-starred in dozens of episodes of popular television series from the 1950s through mid-1960s. In 1960, his contributions to film and television were recognized with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life[edit]

James Howard Dunn was born on November 2, 1901, in Manhattan.[2] His parents, Ralph H. Dunn (c. 1875–1943), a member of the New York Stock Exchange,[3] and mother Jessie L. Archer (c. 1871–1946)[4] had married in January 1901.[5] He was their only child.[4] He was of Irish descent.[6][7]

At age 4, while wintering with his parents at Shippan Point, Connecticut, the four-year-old Dunn had a near-accident reported in The New York Times when a bulldog belonging to his babysitter lunged at him. He was unhurt.[8] Dunn grew up in New Rochelle, New York, and attended school there.[9] He often skipped high school classes to hang around film studios in the upper Bronx.[10]

Early film and stage career[edit]

After graduation, Dunn tried his hand at sales, selling lunch wagons and also becoming an automobile demonstrator.[9][11] He worked for three years in his father's brokerage firm.[1] But his real love was the theater.[12] In 1927 he left his father's employ to join a small theatrical troupe.[1] He later said in a 1934 interview: "I wasn't at all sure I'd be a hit, or even an actor good enough to obtain reasonably steady work. But that didn't make a lot of difference. I could not see any other career and I knew I wouldn't be happy unless I tried it".[13] He also sought out jobs as an extra in short films at Paramount Pictures' Long Island studios.[11] He joined a stock theater company out of Englewood, New Jersey, for a 37-week engagement, and performed with another company, the Permanent Players, at the Playhouse Theatre in Winnipeg, Canada, for a 22-week run.[1][14][15] With the latter troupe, he was said to be "highly popular" among theatre-goers for his "pleasing, breezy personality".[16] Upon his return to New York, he landed the male lead in the 1929 Broadway musical Sweet Adeline, opposite Helen Morgan.[1]

Success in Hollywood[edit]

Dunn and Sally Eilers in Bad Girl

Dunn's Broadway performance attracted the attention of film studio executives.[12] In 1931, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which conducted its screen tests at Fox Film's Astoria Studios in Queens, New York, called Dunn in for a screen test. A Fox Film employee asked if they could also test Dunn, and had him read a scene from the stage production of Bad Girl. While MGM was not impressed with their result, Fox director Frank Borzage liked Dunn's screen test and wanted to cast him in his upcoming film version of Bad Girl.[17] Dunn signed a film contract with Fox a few days later and relocated to Hollywood;[12][17] his mother came to live with him the following year.[4][1]

Dunn made his screen debut in Bad Girl (1931),[18] which catapulted him and co-star Sally Eilers to "overnight fame".[12] A Baltimore Evening Sun review wrote: "Without Dunn, Bad Girl would be just another movie. With him, it's something that provokes chuckles, tears, laughs, sighs and everything else that a nice little movie hopes to provoke".[19] The Los Angeles Times called Dunn's star turn "triumphant", asserting that "no performance has lately equaled the impression made by this rather plain young man, who, aside from having a likable personality, scores a major hit by his ability as an actor".[20]

Within a year Dunn was considered "one of the top 10 box office draws".[7] Dunn and Eilers were re-teamed in Over the Hill (1931), Dance Team (1932), Sailor's Luck (1933), and Hold Me Tight (1933).[1][21] Dunn also played the lead in Sob Sister (1931), Society Girl (1932), and Hello, Sister! (1933).[1] By the end of 1933, he was being referred to as "America's boy friend".[22]

Shirley Temple co-star[edit]

Dunn and Shirley Temple in a publicity photo for Bright Eyes (1934)

In 1934, Dunn appeared in seven films for Fox. Three of them were also the first three film appearances of six-year-old Shirley Temple.[23] In Stand Up and Cheer!, Dunn and Temple play a father and daughter who perform in one song-and-dance sequence.[24][25] Rather than have the young girl learn a new routine, the producers had Temple teach Dunn the steps to a tap-dance routine she had learned in her dancing school.[26] Their memorable performance prompted studio executives to immediately cast them in a follow-up film, Baby Take a Bow, a remake of the 1928 silent film Square Crooks.[27] Temple again plays Dunn's daughter in this film, whose title was the name of Dunn and Temple's song in Stand Up and Cheer![28][29] Their third[30] film pairing was in Bright Eyes, a vehicle specifically written for Temple and co-starring Dunn as a bachelor pilot and friend of Temple's deceased father who seeks to adopt her. Temple sings "On the Good Ship Lollipop" aboard Dunn's character's airplane in this film.[12] Later that same year, Temple was cast in a small part as Dunn's neighbor in Change of Heart.[31]

Dunn and Temple worked well together. Temple later said that the day they began shooting their first film "was the start of my great romance with Jimmy Dunn".[32][a] She also appreciated the fact that Dunn treated her as a peer.[33][34] Dunn admitted that he was initially worried about playing opposite Temple, saying: "All actors dislike working with children. The kids usually steal most of your scenes, or run away with the picture entirely".[34] Despite this, he admired Temple's professionalism and professed to being one of her fans.[34][35] Temple received top billing in each of their films, and her career soon eclipsed his.[28][35]

Career decline[edit]

During his five years as a contract player with Fox, Dunn appeared in 30 films.[36] In 1935, at the height of his popularity, Dunn broke his studio contract two years before its expiration. He was about to start filming a remake of The Song and Dance Man, but the project was shelved due to Fox's merger with Twentieth Century Pictures. Dunn claimed he was "dissatisfied with pictures recently given me – except those with Shirley Temple".[37] He was reportedly reimbursed for the remainder of his contract.[37]

With musicals on the wane in the late 1930s, Dunn's career slumped as he was cast in a series of "mediocre comedies and melodramas".[23][12] His prospects were also hurt by his growing problem with alcoholism.[23] During the filming of George White's 1935 Scandals, shooting started in the late morning to accommodate Dunn and other members of the cast who frequently imbibed.[38][39] Dunn began to be regarded as "unemployable" by the major film studios.[36][40]

In 1940, Dunn returned to Broadway for an 87-week run[41] in the hit musical Panama Hattie with Ethel Merman, to positive reviews.[7][12]

Academy Award winner[edit]

Publicity photo of Dunn as Johnny Nolan in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)

Dunn had not worked for a major studio for five years when he was called in to screen-test for the role of Johnny Nolan, the dreamy alcoholic father in the 20th Century Fox production A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945).[10][42] Dunn had returned to Hollywood in 1944 to seek film roles but had not applied for this part for fear of another rejection.[7] However, a friend, actress and dancer Gloria Grafton, urged casting directors involved in the extensive talent search to hire him.[7] Director Elia Kazan said he chose Dunn for the role because drinking had impacted the actor's career, and because he saw "a trace of pain in Dunn's face that indicated he had 'failed the test of life' and [Kazan] wanted to bring that 'pain' to the screen".[43] Dunn reportedly drew from his own experiences for his characterization.[36]

Critics widely hailed Dunn's performance as his "finest".[12] The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph wrote: "Mr. Dunn's Johnny Nolan has the mark of greatness about it, and he has never done before, nor ever will again, anything of more sublime conviction".[44] Bosley Crowther of The New York Times commended the strong screen chemistry achieved by Dunn and Peggy Ann Garner, who played his daughter Francie:

Little Miss Garner, with her plain face and lank hair, is Francie Nolan to the life. And James Dunn plays her father, Johnny Nolan, with deep and sympathetic tenderness. In the radiant performance by these two actors of a dreamy adoration between father and child is achieved a pictorial demonstration of emotion that is sublimely eloquent.[45]

At the 18th Academy Awards ceremony, Dunn won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.[46]

Winning the Oscar, however, did not revive his film prospects. While Dunn did not raise his price, acting jobs were slow in coming.[47][48] He returned to the role of an alcoholic father in Killer McCoy (1947) opposite Mickey Rooney, to complimentary reviews.[12][49][50] His last film performance for nearly a decade was in the short film A Wonderful Life (1951), produced for the Christian film industry.[51] Dunn appeared in four films in the 1960s, including another role as an alcoholic in The Bramble Bush (1960).[12]

Return to the stage[edit]

In 1947, largely on the basis of his performance in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Dunn was cast as Jamie Tyrone, a man who resorted to drink to forget his unhappy past, in Eugene O'Neill's semi-autobiographical play A Moon for the Misbegotten.[23] Considered the "name" actor in the production, Dunn was given a run-of-the-play contract and $1,000 per week, compared to the $750 per week salary of fellow performer J. M. Kerrigan.[23] During rehearsals, O'Neill was dissatisfied with Dunn's portrayal of Tyrone, a character based on O'Neill's brother, claiming that Dunn "wasn't playing the role with enough gentlemanliness". The director defended Dunn's interpretation of the script.[52] Meanwhile, Dunn felt out of his league playing tragedy rather than comedy. He had never seen an O'Neill play and said his wife had persuaded him to take the part for the "prestige".[53] The production budget was increased by 10% to enable dress rehearsals to take place in New York rather than in the first out-of-town tryout in Columbus, Ohio, in order to accommodate Dunn's poor health.[54] While Dunn's performance garnered critical praise on the tour,[55] he left the production before it reached Broadway.[12]

In 1948,[12] Dunn succeeded James Stewart in Harvey, appearing in 108 performances of the long-running Broadway play.[56] In 1951, Dunn played Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman at the Norwich Summer Theater.[12] In 1964, he played the title role in Finian's Rainbow in a 2-week summer engagement at the Melodyland Theatre in Anaheim, California.[57]

Television career[edit]

In 1949, Dunn pursued a new direction as a character actor on television.[47] He guest-starred in dozens of episodes of popular television series in the 1950s through mid-1960s, including Bonanza, Rawhide, Route 66, Ben Casey, and The Virginian.[58][59] He had a regular role in the popular sitcom It's a Great Life, which aired 78 episodes from 1954 to 1956.[60] Dunn played Earl Morgan, the deadbeat brother-in-law of the main character, Amy Morgan (Frances Bavier), who was always concocting get-rich-quick schemes to interest Amy's tenants, Steve Connors (William Bishop) and Denny Davis (Michael O'Shea).[61] The three male comedians had good rapport and often ad-libbed their lines.[47][62] The role required Dunn to play slapstick, which he had only done previously on stage.[63]

In 1962, Dunn played a clown in full makeup and costume in an episode of Follow the Sun, and sang "On the Good Ship Lollipop" from his 1934 film Bright Eyes.[64] In 1963 he played the character of P. J. Cunningham, the manager-driver for a music band led by Bobby Rydell, in the unsold Desilu half-hour television pilot Swingin' Together.[65]

Screen persona and recognition[edit]

Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame honoring Dunn's contributions to television

In his Hollywood heyday in the 1930s, Dunn was noted for his "clean-cut good looks and boyish charm".[11] As he matured, The New York Times described Dunn's "trademark" as an "expression of slightly battered wistfulness".[12] The Associated Press characterized Dunn's later screen persona as "a well-meaning type of fellow whom women marry to mother".[36]

Dunn was honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame—one for his contributions to motion pictures at 6555 Hollywood Boulevard, and one for his contributions to television at 7010 Hollywood Boulevard. Both were dedicated on February 8, 1960.[66]

Personal life[edit]

Dunn at the Lakeside Golf Club in Burbank

Even after his rise to stardom, Dunn was described as "unaffected and friendly".[14] On the set of Hold Me Tight (1933), he insisted on filling in for an extra who was going home sick and who had confided to Dunn that he couldn't afford to lose his day's pay of $7.50.[67] Author Pete Haynes, a Malibu, California, resident who played with Dunn's adopted son, Billy Pick, in the 1950s, remembers Dunn as "down to earth and friendly toward every person he came in contact with".[68][69]

Dunn's sense of humor was often evident. To commemorate the leap year of 1936, he announced a $50 prize to the woman who could send him the best proposal, with a $25 prize for the runner-up.[70][71] He received a total of 10,000 submissions and awarded first prize to a 20-year-old native of Oklahoma, who wrote him a four-page poem.[72] An Associated Press wire photo showed the two sharing a toast at Dunn's studio in January 1937.[73] Dunn awarded the second prize to a woman from Fort Beaufort, South Africa, and sent runner-up gifts to three other American women.[72]

When he was not working, Dunn enjoyed playing golf and flying his airplane.[1][74] He earned a pilot's license shortly after his arrival in California,[11] having received training from Bob Blair, a charter pilot at Los Angeles Municipal Airport, who described him as "ultra-conservative" in the air.[75] By 1940, Dunn had logged 750 flying hours.[41] While under contract to Fox, however, the studio forbade him from participating in the 1935 Ruth Chatterton Air Derby.[76]

Marriages[edit]

Dunn and Gifford in the cockpit of his airplane, 1937

Dunn was married three times. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1922.[77] On Christmas Day 1937, Dunn and his fiancée, 19-year-old actress Frances Gifford, flew in his plane to Yuma, Arizona, to be married in a Presbyterian church there and afterwards returned to Hollywood.[78] The couple later starred together in Mercy Plane (1939) and Hold That Woman! (1940).[40] The marriage failed in 1942 as Dunn's career was in decline and he was struggling with alcoholism;[79] their divorce was finalized in 1943.[77] In 1945 Dunn married his third wife, singer Edna Rush,[77] who survived him.[10] Dunn adopted Rush's three-and-a-half-year-old son Billy.[36]

Finances[edit]

In the 1930s, Dunn's weekly earnings were in the thousands of dollars; he also charged $5,000 for a personal appearance tour. His mother took charge of his finances and invested most of his earnings in stocks, bonds, real estate, and trust funds, giving him a weekly allowance.[74][80] As a result, after Dunn left Fox and his career slumped, he had financial security. Upon his 1938 marriage, Dunn's mother gave him control of his portfolio.[74] Thereafter Dunn lost a $40,000 option on a play, Cock of the Walk, that failed to reach Broadway,[12][81] as well as thousands of dollars in the stock market.[82] He was forced to sell his $50,000 house[14] and move to a two-bedroom apartment in Malibu, from where he commuted to Hollywood.[82] In October 1951, he filed for bankruptcy.[12] However, his mother had reserved one trust fund for him which matured when he turned 50 and paid out $900 per month for life.[74]

Death[edit]

Dunn died on September 1, 1967,[83] aged 65, from complications following stomach surgery at Santa Monica Hospital.[10] His funeral service in Santa Monica was attended by some 200 people, including fellow actors.[84] His body was cremated and his ashes strewn at sea.[84]

Filmography[edit]

Dunn and Boots Mallory in Hello, Sister! (1933)
Dunn and Janet Gaynor in Change of Heart (1934)
(L. to r.) Arline Judge, Dunn, and Rosina Lawrence in Welcome Home (1935)
Dunn and Frances Gifford in Hold That Woman! (1940)
Dunn and Mona Freeman in That Brennan Girl (1946)
Dunn and Richard Burton in The Bramble Bush (1960)
Film
YearTitleRoleNotes
1929In the Nick of TimeShort, as Jimmy Dunn
1930Believe It or NotReporterShort, uncredited
Barefoot DaysShort
Tom Thumbs DownShort, as Jimmy Dunn
The Varsity ShowShort, as Jimmy Dunn
1931Bad GirlEddie Collins
Sob SisterGarry Webster
Over the HillJohnny Shelby (as adult)
1932Society GirlJohnny Malone
Dance TeamJimmy Mulligan
Handle with CareBill Gordon
1933Hold Me TightChuck Evans
Hello, Sister!Jimmy
The Girl in 419Dr. Daniel French
Sailor's LuckJimmy Fenimore Harrigan
Arizona to BroadwaySmiley
Jimmy and SallyJimmy O'Connor
Take a ChanceDuke Stanley
1934Baby Take a BowEddie Ellison
Have a HeartJimmie Flaherty
Bright EyesJames 'Loop' Merritt
365 Nights in HollywoodJimmie Dale
Hold That GirlBarney Sullivan
Stand Up and Cheer!Jimmy Dugan
Change of HeartMack McGowan
1935George White's 1935 ScandalsEddie Taylor
Welcome HomeRichard Foster
The PayoffJoe McCoy
The Daring Young ManDon McLane
Bad BoyEddie Nolan
1936Two-Fisted GentlemanMickey
Don't Get PersonalBob McDonald
Come Closer, FolksJim Keene
Hearts in BondageLieutenant Kenneth Reynolds
Mysterious CrossingAddison Francis Murphy
1937We Have Our MomentsJohn Wade
Venus Makes TroubleBuzz Martin
Living on LoveGary Martin
1938Shadows Over ShanghaiJohnny McGinty
1939Mercy PlaneSpeed Leslie
Pride of the NavySpeed Brennan
1940Hold That Woman!Jimmy Parker
Son of the NavyMalone
1942The Living GhostNick Trayne
1943The Ghost and the GuestWebster Frye
1944Leave It to the IrishTerry Moran
Government GirlSergeant Joe Bates
1945The Caribbean MysterySmith
A Tree Grows in BrooklynJohnny NolanAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1946That Brennan GirlDenny Reagan
1947Killer McCoyBrian McCoy
1948Texas, Brooklyn and HeavenMike
1950The Golden Gloves StoryJoe Riley
1951A Wonderful LifeHenry WoodShort
1960The Bramble BushStew Schaeffer
1962Hemingway's Adventures of a Young ManTelegrapher
1966The OscarNetwork executive
1968Shadow Over ElveronLuke TraversTelevision movie

Source:[85]

TV
YearTitleRoleNotes
1948The Chevrolet Tele-TheatreCassidyEpisode: "No Shoes"[86]
1951The Garry Moore Evening ShowGuest appearanceOctober 24, 1951
Acted out a scene from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn with Margaret O'Brien[87]
1954–1956It's a Great LifeEarl Morgan76 episodes
1954Schlitz Playhouse of StarsBookkeeperEpisode: "The Treasure of Santo Domingo"[88]
1955Studio OneBookkeeperEpisode: "A Picture in the Paper"[89]
Schlitz Playhouse of StarsCoach Dan McLainEpisode: "Nothing to Do Until Next Fall"[90]
1956Climax!Eldon AbernathyEpisode: "The Secret of River Lane"[91]
1957The Red Skelton ShowGuest appearanceJanuary 29, 1957[92]
Climax!Episode: "Keep Me in Mind"[93]
1958Wanted Dead or AliveGabe1 episode
The Nine Lives of Elfego BacaJ. Henry NewmanSeveral episodes[94]
1959BonanzaDanny1 episode
RawhideFlood1 episode
1960Route 66Van Carter2 episodes
1962The VirginianCongressman1 episode
Wagon TrainWinslow1 episode
Follow the SunClownEpisode: "Run, Clown, Run"[64][95]
1963The FugitiveBraganEpisode: "Decision in the Ring"[96]
Swingin' TogetherP. J. CunninghamUnsold TV pilot[65]
1965BrandedManning1 episode

Source:[58]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ On an October 25, 1988, segment of Larry King Live, Temple said that as a child she had wanted to marry Dunn.[33]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i "On Making the Movie Stars". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. January 29, 1933. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  2. ^ "New York, New York City Births, 1846–1909". FamilySearch. 2020. Retrieved April 15,2020.
  3. ^ Associated Press (March 18, 1943). "Retired Broker Dies". The Wilkes-Barre Record. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Associated Press (May 31, 1946). "Mother Of James Dunn, Film Actor, Succumbs". The Sacramento Bee. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  5. ^ "Ralph Dunn". Family Search. 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  6. ^ Griffin 1990, p. 319.
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e "Dunn Hits Top Again Via Brooklyn's 'Tree'". Deseret News. March 7, 1945. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  8. ^ "Dog Attacks Pony and Boy". The New York Times. December 29, 1905. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  9. ^ Jump up to:a b "James Dunn is Popular in Hollywood". Lansing State Journal. September 5, 1931. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "James Dunn, Academy Award Recipient, Dies". The San Bernardino Sun. September 4, 1967. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b c d "None Of That Love For TV's James Dunn". The Miami Herald. June 3, 1956. p. 150 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "James Dunn, Actor, Dies at 61; Academy Award Winner in '46; Honored as Tippling Father in 'A Tree Grows in Brooklyn' Shirley Temple Co-Star". The New York Times. September 4, 1967. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  13. ^ Edwards, Alanson (June 17, 1934). "Jimmy Dunn Beats Hoodoo of Stardom". The Indianapolis Star. United Press. p. 35 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  14. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Jimmy Dunn Returns Famous But Hungry". The Winnipeg Tribune. March 4, 1938. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  15. ^ "Playhouse Has James Dunn in Personal Act". The Winnipeg Tribune. March 5, 1938. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  16. ^ "Oscar Winner Played Here". The Winnipeg Tribune. March 8, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b "Casual Test Put Dunn in Films". Detroit Free Press. December 30, 1931. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  18. ^ "Bad Girl (1931)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. 2019.
  19. ^ Q.E.D. (September 9, 1931). "For Film Fans". Baltimore Evening Sun. p. 22 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  20. ^ Lusk, Norbert (August 23, 1931). "'Bad Girl' In Notable Debut". Los Angeles Times. p. 35 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  21. ^ "Hold Me Tight (1933)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  22. ^ "'Jimmy and Sally' Picture Shows Youngsters' Romance". The Missoulian. January 14, 1934. p. 19 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  23. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Shea 2015, p. 39.
  24. ^ Hall 2010, p. 123.
  25. ^ Hammontree 1998, p. 34.
  26. ^ Edwards 2017, p. 53.
  27. ^ Kasson 2014, p. 80.
  28. ^ Jump up to:a b Edwards 2017, p. 66.
  29. ^ Kasson 2014, pp. 80–81.
  30. ^ Kasson 2014, p. 83.
  31. ^ Edwards 2017, p. 57.
  32. ^ Edwards 2017, pp. 53, 66.
  33. ^ Jump up to:a b "Larry King Live with Shirley Temple Black". YouTube. October 25, 1988. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  34. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Girl Proposes to the Boy in Movie Romance". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. December 31, 1934. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  35. ^ Jump up to:a b Beatty 1935, p. 75.
  36. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Associated Press (September 4, 1967). "Actor James Dunn Dies at Age 61". The Town Talk. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  37. ^ Jump up to:a b United Press (August 22, 1935). "James Dunn Breaks Fox Film Contract". Courier-Post. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  38. ^ Kobal 1985, p. 222.
  39. ^ Thomas 1984, p. 255.
  40. ^ Jump up to:a b Kinn & Piazza 2006, p. 78.
  41. ^ Jump up to:a b United Press (February 24, 1946). "Jimmy Dunn at His Best When Acting with Moppets". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  42. ^ Kondos, Sophia (April 14, 1945). "Movies in Review". Daily Dispatch. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  43. ^ Bodnar 2006, p. 105.
  44. ^ Krug, Karl (March 5, 1945). "'Tree' Packs Real Power As Picture". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph – via Newspapers.com.open access
  45. ^ Crowther, Bosley (March 1, 1945). "THE SCREEN IN REVIEW; At the Paramount At the Fifty-fifth Street 'A Tree Grows in Brooklyn,' Film Version of Betty Smith's Novel, With a Uniformly Fine Cast, Opens at the Roxy". The New York Times. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  46. ^ "The 18th Academy Awards – 1946". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  47. ^ Jump up to:a b c Rahn, Pete (April 1, 1956). "It's a Great Life—This TV Business, Says James Dunn". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. p. 61 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  48. ^ Tucker 2010, p. 83.
  49. ^ Romano 2004, p. 70.
  50. ^ Scott, John L. (January 7, 1948). "Fight Story Spotlights Young Star". Los Angeles Times. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  51. ^ Lindvall & Quicke 2011, p. 67.
  52. ^ Gelb & Gelb 2016, p. 401.
  53. ^ Shea 2015, pp. 40–41.
  54. ^ Shea 2015, p. 41.
  55. ^ "The Theatre And Its People". The Windsor Star. March 12, 1947. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  56. ^ "Seven Stage And Movie Stars Have Played In The Title Role of 'Harvey'". Dayton Daily News. January 15, 1950. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  57. ^ Firman, Joseph H. (August 9, 1964). "'Finian's Rainbow' a Pot of Gold". Progress-Bulletin. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  58. ^ Jump up to:a b "James Dunn". TV Guide. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  59. ^ Tucker 2010, p. 86.
  60. ^ Tucker 2010, p. 80.
  61. ^ Tucker 2010, pp. 81–82.
  62. ^ Tucker 2010, p. 82.
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  65. ^ Jump up to:a b Terrace 2020, p. 241.
  66. ^ "James Dunn". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
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  71. ^ Shaffer, George (May 30, 1936). "Actor's Leap Year Gag May Lead to Altar". Chicago Tribune. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.open access
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  73. ^ "Oklahoma Girl Wins Leap Year Proposal Contest". Miami Daily News-Record. January 24, 1937. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  74. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Othman, Fredrick C. (March 1, 1940). "James Dunn Can Thank His Mother". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. United Press. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  75. ^ "Actors Adept as Flying Students". The Salt Lake Tribune. January 5, 1936. p. 36 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  76. ^ Lathrop, Monroe (August 4, 1935). "Filmdom's View on Flying". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  77. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Actor Dunn Weds Singer". The Los Angeles Times. March 8, 1945. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  78. ^ Associated Press (December 26, 1937). "Film Actors Fly to Yuma For Christmas Marriage". The San Bernardino Sun. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  79. ^ Maltin 1994, p. 332.
  80. ^ "Mother of Actor James Dunn Dies". Times-News. May 31, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  81. ^ Seaman 1996, pp. 213–214.
  82. ^ Jump up to:a b Belser, Emily (September 12, 1954). "James Dunn Turning to TV To Try to Recoup Fortune". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.open access
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  86. ^ Hawes 2015, pp. 24–25.
  87. ^ Ellenberger 2015, p. 202.
  88. ^ "James Dunn on TV: New Crime Program On Radio". Tucson Citizen. June 11, 1954. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  89. ^ "'Studio One' Will Star James Dunn". The Tribune (Coshocton, Ohio). May 7, 1955. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  90. ^ "James Dunn Plays on 'Playhouse of Stars'". Marshfield News-Herald. October 22, 1955. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.open access
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  92. ^ Hyatt 2004, p. 164.
  93. ^ "TV's Father of Year Tutors Ernie Ford". Dayton Daily News. November 7, 1957. p. 59 – via Newspapers.com.open access
  94. ^ Erickson 2009, pp. 200–201.
  95. ^ "Follow the Sun". tv.com. 2020.
  96. ^ Deane 2014, p. 199.

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