can apple cider vinegar hurt your kidneys?

Use Apple Cider Vinegar Daily and THIS Happens to Your Kidneys ⚠️

Look up vinegar on the internet and you will see an abundance of praises for its benefits. But is there any truth behind the accolades? What about the long-term health effects of vinegar? Do the benefits outweigh the risks?

WHAT IS VINEGAR?

Vinegar is an alcoholic liquid that has been allowed to ferment and sour.

The basic component of vinegar (including apple cider vinegar) is diluted acetic acid, which is a toxic waste product in the human body.

DOES THE CONSUMPTION OF VINEGAR OFFER HEALTH BENEFITS?

Yes, there are some studies and anecdotal evidence that show that vinegar offers some health benefits. But the consumption of vinegar also carries with it some health risks.

HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSUMPTION OF VINEGAR

Acetic acid – the main component of vinegar – is an irritant to the stomach and causes a loss of the protective mucus in the intestinal tract, setting the stage for ulcers, gastritis, vitamin deficiencies (especially vitamin B12), and/or infection with Heliobacter pylori. In fact, vinegar is one of the 3 most common dietary causes of gastritis in the U.S. today, along with aspirin and alcohol.

Vinegar interferes with digestion, and consequently the body receives less nourishment and impurities enter the bloodstream.

Vinegar also promotes changes in the stomach lining cells, which can increase the risk of stomach cancer.  The consumption of vinegar is also now recognized as a factor in the development of cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Acetic acid stimulates the thyroid gland to pull phosphorous from the adrenal glands to negate the effects of acetic acid in the system. Depleted phosphorous results in impaired function of the adrenal glands.

The use of vinegar has been shown to be harmful to the liver and to the kidneys.

Vinegar is also an irritant to the central nervous system.

Regular consumption of vinegar can cause low potassium levels and lower bone density.

Studies have shown that vinegar contributes to Candida overgrowth.

Fermented foods, such as vinegar, contain high amounts of tyramine. Tyramine can contribute to high blood pressure, joint pain, urticaria, irritable bowel syndrome, and headaches.

ARE THE BENEFITS WORTH THE RISKS?

Since all of the benefits of vinegar can be easily obtained through a healthy diet and lifestyle, there is no reason to consume vinegar and increase risk of cancer, poor digestion, impaired function of the adrenal glands, liver, and kidneys, and the other health issues associated with including vinegar in the diet.

DOES APPLE CIDER VINEGAR HELP WITH WEIGHT LOSS?

There are literally hundreds of “get-thin-quick plans” on the market promising dramatic weight loss in a short amount of time. The average person wanting to try a new diet won’t be faced with a shortage of options.

In a culture attracted to “the quick fix”, it can be enticing to substitute healthful eating with “miracle diets” or “special weight loss foods” that promise effortless results. Sometimes we may be tempted to think that there is an easier method of weight loss than a healthy lifestyle. However, most fad diets have been shown to be not only unhealthful, but sometimes dangerous as well. And while some diet schemes may help you lose a few pounds at the beginning, statistics show that most actually encourage weight gain in the long term.

The apple cider vinegar diet is an example of a fad diet. Despite the hype, there is simply no evidence to support any of these claims. On the contrary, there is an abundance of evidence demonstrating vinegar’s negative contribution to health.

Following a healthy, whole-food, plant-based diet is not only a safe method of weight loss, but a healthy and long-lasting one as well.

WHAT ABOUT APPLE CIDER VINEGAR?

Apple cider vinegar is still vinegar and has all the negative health characteristics that regular vinegar has.

HOW TO AVOID VINEGAR

lemon juice vs vinegar

Almost all products made with vinegar can just as easily be made with lemon juice, a healthful food.

Healthful and slimming salad dressings can be made with lemon juice instead of vinegar. Try one of these delicious and healthy salad dressing recipes.

Even pickles can be made with lemon instead of vinegar.

How to make pickles

And salads, like bean salads, quinoa salads, pasta salads, and this Crunchy Asian Broccoli Slaw are delicious made with lemon juice instead of vinegar.

WANT TO KNOW MORE?

Here is a well-done, short video on the dangers of fermented foods:

Research suggests that apple cider vinegar may have several health benefits. However, consuming too much vinegar can cause unwanted effects.

Apple cider vinegar is a common ingredient in food dressings, flavorings, and preservatives. It is also becoming popular as a home remedy for a number of health issues.

According to a 2016 review, several studies indicate that vinegars, including apple cider vinegar, have the potential to help treat a range of conditions, including obesity, heart disease, cancer, and bacterial infections.

However, there is little research on the most healthful way to consume vinegar and how much to take.

In particular, very few studies have explored the potential side effects or complications of regularly consuming vinegar.

In this article, we discuss possible adverse effects of using apple cider vinegar as a remedy and give some tips about how to do it safely.

Tooth decay

A person can get tooth decay if they consume too many acidic foods.

Like all vinegars, apple cider vinegar is acidic. Consuming too many acidic foods and beverages can weaken tooth enamel over time, potentially leading to tooth decay.

At first, people may not realize that their tooth enamel is damaged. As the damage worsens, the teeth may start to ache or become sensitive to sweet foods and hot or cold temperatures, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchTrusted Source. Eventually, the teeth may develop cavities that require fillings.

The risk of tooth decay is highest when a person regularly consumes undiluted apple cider vinegar. Diluting the vinegar or consuming it as part of a meal reduces this risk.

Low potassium

According to Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medicine School in Boston, MA, there have been reports of apple cider vinegar causing or worsening low potassium levels.

The medical name for low potassium is hypokalemia. A person with mild hypokalemia may not have any symptoms. However, moderate or severe hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness and paralysis, which can affect many parts of the body.

If a person experiences muscle problems, especially issues relating to the heart or breathing, they should seek medical attention immediately.

Blood sugar regulation

Some researchTrusted Source suggests that consuming vinegar can affect how the body regulates blood sugar levels. However, scientists do not fully understand this effect and more research is needed.

Anyone with diabetes should speak to a medical professional before trying a high-vinegar diet.

Gastrointestinal issues

Many people recommend vinegar as a natural weight loss aid. ResearchTrusted Source suggests that it helps slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, which can suppress the appetite by making a person feel fuller for longer.

However, keeping food in the stomach can cause unwanted side effects. In a studyTrusted Source that investigated the potential for vinegar to control the appetite, many participants reported feelings of nausea and indigestion after drinking vinegar with breakfast.

Because of the acidity, drinking undiluted apple cider vinegar can also worsen symptoms in people with digestive problems, such as stomach ulcers or acid reflux.

Skin burns

The acidity of vinegar means that applying it directly to the skin can cause burns and irritation, especially if the vinegar is undiluted.

The National Capital Poison Center lists a number of medical reports in which people experienced serious burns that required medical treatment after using vinegars, including apple cider vinegar, on the skin.

A report in The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic DermatologyTrusted Source describes a case in which a teenager sustained chemical burns on her nose after applying apple cider vinegar to remove two moles.

Tips for safe usage

Regularly consuming large quantities of undiluted vinegar can lead to side effects.

A person is more likely to experience side effects if they regularly consume large quantities of undiluted vinegar or leave it on the skin for long periods.

To lower the risk of unwanted effects, try:

reducing the quantity of vinegar consumed

reducing the amount of time that vinegar touches the skin

diluting the vinegar with water or using it as an ingredient

limiting contact with the teeth, such as by drinking the vinegar through a straw

A 2016 review found that people may be able to achieve many of the potential health benefits by drinking around 15 milliliters of vinegar a day or any quantity that contains around 750 milligrams of acetic acid.

However, because of the lack of research into side effects and long-term safety, further moderation may be the best approach.

People with digestive issues, low potassium levels, or diabetes should consider speaking to a doctor before consuming apple cider vinegar.

Anyone who experiences severe side effects should consult a medical professional.

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Summary

Consuming apple cider vinegar has become a popular health trend.

Some evidence suggests that vinegar may help with a range of health issues, but scientists need to carry out more research to verify and understand these findings.

Apple cider vinegar can cause side effects. For example, applying undiluted vinegar to the skin for long periods can lead to burns and irritation. Regularly consuming large quantities of the vinegar, especially in an undiluted form, may cause digestive issues, damage the teeth, and affect potassium levels.

Anyone who experiences severe side effects after using apple cider vinegar should seek medical care.

People with certain health conditions may wish to speak to a doctor before consuming apple cider vinegar for medicinal purposes.

Whenever my patients have to make changes in their diet due to their kidney disease, they are apprehensive about which fruits to include in their diet and they often ask me “Are apple, pineapple, apple cider vinegar good or bad for kidney disease?”.

In this article, I will explain the benefits and risks of including apple, pineapple, and apple cider vinegar for different kidney diseases.

How apple is good for kidney patients?

Apple is good for kidney patients because of its various health benefits that play a protective role for the kidneys.

Apple is rich in antioxidants

The benefits of apple include its rich antioxidant content. Antioxidants are responsible to protect the cells of the body from oxidative damage.

Therefore, eating an apple might help the cells of the kidneys in playing a protective role against certain kidney diseases.

Apple is low in potassium and sodium

A person with severe CKD will need to manage his/her diet carefully by including foods that aren’t high in minerals like potassium and sodium to avoid putting extra load on the kidneys. 

Apple is naturally low in potassium and sodium which makes it an excellent option for kidney patients with CKD or dialysis and are looking to avoid any imbalances in their mineral levels. 

Apple is rich in fiber

Apple contains a good amount of soluble and insoluble fiber which are needed by the body to avoid any big spike in blood glucose and also to feed the good bacteria present in the gut, therefore making it a good option for kidney patients with type 2 diabetes.

How pineapple can be good for kidney patients?

Pineapple can be beneficial for kidney patients because of certain nutrients which help the kidney patients in particular diseases such as CKD or kidney stones. 

Pineapple juice might be helpful for kidney stones patients.

While pineapple juice alone won’t be able to get rid of kidney stones, one study indicates that an enzyme known as bromelain can be helpful in dissolving kidney stones and pineapple is rich in bromelain.

That being said, further studies are needed to definitively conclude the beneficial effects of bromelain for kidney stones.

Pineapple can be a part of a CKD diet

For a person suffering from kidney diseases such as CKD or a complete kidney failure, they would be recommended by their doctor to manage their potassium levels.

Similar to apple, pineapple is low in potassium as well. Pineapple is also low in phosphorus and sodium. Therefore, making it a good choice for CKD and kidney failure patients. 

Pineapple aids in managing high blood pressure

Many kidney disease patients often suffer from high blood pressure as well. And when the high blood pressure is not treated by making changes in diet and lifestyle it could lead to complications such as putting your heart health at risk.

The low potassium and sodium content from the pineapple is helpful in lowering chronic blood pressure. Therefore, avoiding aggravating further damage to the kidneys. Pineapple is also a good source of vitamin A which supports optimal heart health as well.

Apple cider vinegar is good or bad for kidney disease?

Apple cider vinegar might not be a good inclusion in the diet of kidney patients.

Apple cider vinegar is produced with the fermentation of alcohol with yeast. The yeast make the final conversion of alcohol into vinegar.

Apple cider vinegar is commonly used while making salad dressings. Although it has also been used for various purposes and has been associated with numerous health benefits.

It might be helpful for kidney stone patients.

Many kidney stones are developed in the urine. Because of the acidic content of apple cider vinegar, it helps in dissolving the size of the kidney stones to the point where they can pass from the urine. 

Studies also show that including apple cider vinegar might also aid in the prevention of the development of kidney stones because of the high acetic and citric content in it.

It might not be a good choice for CKD patients 

Apple cider vinegar is low in its sodium content. However, it has a considerably high amount of potassium. The vinegar is made up of a diluted version of acetic acid, which could cause accumulation of acid in the body. 

For a person with CKD or someone undergoing dialysis, this would not be an ideal choice. 

Hence, it is advisable to speak with your nephrologist or your renal dietitian before including apple cider vinegar in your diet or adding any new supplements while you are suffering from kidney disease and have specific medications for them.

Summary

Including apples in the diet for kidney patients comes with various health benefits. 

Apple is rich in antioxidants which protect the cells of the kidney from oxidative damage. Apple is also low in potassium which is what certain patients suffering from CKD and kidney failure need to have in their diet.

The juice from pineapple could be helpful for a kidney stone patient. Just like apple, pineapple is also low in potassium, hence it can be included in the diet of a CKD patient as well.

Lastly, apple cider vinegar can be beneficial in flushing out kidney stones. However, it may not be very helpful for other kidney diseases such as CKD or kidney failure as it is high in its potassium and it is acidic in nature.

Therefore for CKD patients, it is advisable to consult a medical professional to assess your situation and determine whether apple cider vinegar can be part of your diet or not. 

urthermore, What happens to your body when you start taking apple cider vinegar? Several studies in animals and humans have found that acetic acid and apple cider vinegar may promote fat burning and weight loss, decrease blood sugar levels, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve cholesterol levels ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6, 7, 8 ).

 

Secondly, Who should not drink apple cider vinegar?

Indeed, apple cider vinegar is known to prevent diabetes, but when you are already on diabetes drugs or on insulin, avoid having apple cider vinegar. These medications decrease your blood sugar level and when combined with ACV, your blood sugar might get too low.

Should I mix apple cider vinegar with warm or cold water?

Just add a teaspoon of ACV in a glass of water, preferably warm water, mix it well and have it before going to bed. You can swap your normal water at night with this concoction and see the benefits of doing so within a few days.

How do I flush my kidneys with apple cider vinegar?

Apple cider vinegar can be consumed in many ways to get rid of kidney stones. It will also provide you other health benefits. To treat kidney stones you can mix two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar and mix in a glass of water. Do not over consume this mixture.

 

What happens if you drink apple cider vinegar on an empty stomach?

But this is not healthy at all, in fact it can delay your digestion process. Drinking apple cider vinegar on an empty stomach maximises health benefits and boosts ability to process food. If you want to drink it after food, wait for at least 20 minutes.

Can apple cider vinegar help you lose weight?

Apple cider vinegar isn’t likely to be effective for weight loss. Proponents of apple cider vinegar claim that it has numerous health benefits and that drinking a small amount or taking a supplement before meals helps curb appetite and burn fat. However, there’s little scientific support for these claims.

Does apple cider vinegar make you poop?

Apple cider vinegar is made from fermented apples. Fermented apples contain pectin. Pectin may help support the growth of good bacteria in the gut, which is necessary for healthy digestion. It may also bulk up stool and reduce intestinal inflammation.

Can apple cider vinegar hurt your skin?

Most serious potential: Long-term, undiluted ACV use could corrode your lovely face due to its highly acidic levels. Vinegar can be caustic if you leave it on your skin, and it shouldn’t be used to treat wounds. Any acne sores are at risk for incurring a burn or major irritation.

Why apple cider vinegar is bad for you?

Apple cider vinegar can cause side effects. For example, applying undiluted vinegar to the skin for long periods can lead to burns and irritation. Regularly consuming large quantities of the vinegar, especially in an undiluted form, may cause digestive issues, damage the teeth, and affect potassium levels.

What does apple cider vinegar do to your stomach?

ACV is naturally acidic, and so for people with low stomach acidity, using ACV may help raise stomach acid levels to aid digestion. In theory, this could prevent gas and bloating, which a slow digestion can cause. ACV is also an antimicrobial substance , meaning it may help kill bacteria in the stomach or intestines.

Should I drink apple cider vinegar before bed or in the morning?

Ingesting undiluted vinegar of any kind can damage your throat and esophagus. Consume it earlier in the day. Drinking apple cider vinegar at least 30 minutes before bed may lower your risk of indigestion or acid reflux after laying down.

Can I mix honey with apple cider vinegar?

Many consider apple cider vinegar and honey to be a tasty combination, as the sweetness of honey helps mellow vinegar’s puckery taste. Consuming this tonic is thought to provide many health benefits.

What does drinking lemon water with apple cider vinegar do?

Benefits of an ACV detox

reducing appetite. balancing the body’s pH. regulating blood sugar levels. lowering high cholesterol.

What happens when you mix vinegar and lemon juice?

It can neutralize the smell of vinegar.

Try mixing in lemon juice—it’ll help tone down the smell a little bit, and still give you all the cleaning power you need. Plus, that lemon-vinegar mixture can come in particularly handy for certain cleaning tasks, but we’ll get to that in a sec.

How quickly does apple cider vinegar work?

It took a while to get used to the pungent taste of vinegar at first, but I started seeing some changes two weeks into my experiment. After a month, I noticed healthier and “glowier” skin and less stomachaches.

Is it better to drink apple cider vinegar in the morning or night for weight loss?

 

While there’s no research to support the best time of the day to have it, drinking it empty stomach remains to be the most recommended way to have ACV. Doing so may maximize health benefits, boost digestion and may even help promote fat loss if followed regularly.

How can I lose tummy fat fast?

20 Effective Tips to Lose Belly Fat (Backed by Science)

Eat plenty of soluble fiber. …

Avoid foods that contain trans fats. …

Don’t drink too much alcohol. …

Eat a high protein diet. …

Reduce your stress levels. …

Don’t eat a lot of sugary foods. …

Do aerobic exercise (cardio) …

Cut back on carbs — especially refined carbs.

How can I lose 20lbs in 3 months?

Here are 10 of the best ways to quickly and safely drop 20 pounds.

Count Calories. …

Drink More Water. …

Increase Your Protein Intake. …

Cut Your Carb Consumption. …

Start Lifting Weights. …

Eat More Fiber. …

Set a Sleep Schedule. …

Stay Accountable.

Is it better to drink apple cider vinegar in the morning or at night?

Ingesting undiluted vinegar of any kind can damage your throat and esophagus. Consume it earlier in the day. Drinking apple cider vinegar at least 30 minutes before bed may lower your risk of indigestion or acid reflux after laying down.

Can Apple Cider Vinegar Hurt Your Kidneys

What does apple cider vinegar do to stomach?

Weak acids like ACV stimulate your stomach to produce a healthy amount of stomach acid, which helps to improve digestion. Studies have shown ACV can balance high blood sugar, reduce blood sugar levels in diabetics, and even help with weight loss.

Does apple cider vinegar have electrolytes?

Below are some ingredients you may already have in your kitchen: Apple Cider Vinegar – Along with many B vitamins and vitamin C, apple cider vinegar contains sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Phosphorus combines with oxygen in the body to form phosphate, one of the key electrolytes.

Is it OK to put apple cider vinegar on your face?

Apple cider vinegar can be used in skin care as a toner, face wash, and even a spot treatment. The use of an apple cider vinegar toner, specifically, may help to tighten the skin and protect it from harmful environmental elements.

Does apple cider vinegar lighten skin?

Acetic acid, which is found in apple cider vinegar, may help lighten skin pigmentation and improve the overall appearance of your skin.

How long leave apple cider vinegar on face?

Face Mask

Mix two tablespoons of bentonite clay, two tablespoons of water and one tablespoon of ACV together before applying it as a thin layer onto your face. Let it sit for five to 10 minutes for sensitive skin or 15 to 30 minutes for normal skin before rinsing with cool water and applying a moisturizer.

Apple Cider Vinegar, (APCV) has been locally associated with a number of health benefits, including protection against oxidative stress and related ailments. It is on this background the present study assessed its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in kidneys of rats.

Methods

Twenty four adult rats of Wistar strain were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6). While group I animals served as control; kidney oxidative damage was induced in groups II and III animals using a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (100%, 1.73 mL/kg body weight, BW). Group II animals were left untreated and groups III and IV counterparts were administered APCV (1.56 mL/kg BW) once daily for a period of 7 days. Thereafter, the animals were fasted over night, and sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and samples (blood and kidney tissues) were collected for biochemical/histopathological examinations. Kidney function markers including urea, creatinine, sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (k+) were determined in the serum while thin sections of kidneys were processed for histopathological screening.

Results

Compared to the control animals, CCl4 administration caused kidney damage as evidenced by significant (P < 0.05) increase in the evaluated indices (urea, creatinine, Na+ and K+). Interestingly, treatment of CCl4-exposed rats with APCV markedly reversed the above alterations to near normal. Besides, APCV treatment ameliorated the histological derangements (hemorrhagic lesions) caused by CCl4 in the kidney of the experimental rats.

Conclusion

These observations apparently suggest that Apple cider vinegar has the therapeutic potential to protect against renal impairment and attendant malfunction.

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Keywords

Apple cider vinegarKidney damageRatsCarbon tetrachlorideOxidative stress

1. Introduction

The kidney is one of the extremely vital organs in the body obviously because of its indispensable metabolic roles (excretory and regulatory). Globally, kidney disease of any type is a severe and critical health challenge. With constant exposure to xenobiotics including nephrotoxins through modern day life style, the organ is susceptible to acute injury capable of compromising its physiological state and metabolic functions [1,2].

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a typical xenobiotic and potent nephrotoxic agent commonly used in experimental studies to assess the ability of a test compound to prevent or protect against tissue derangements [3]. Its toxicity is underlined by production of trichloromethyl radical (CCl3•) during its metabolic activation by cyochrome p450. Worse still, CCl3• is converted to a more hazardous radical known as trichloromethyl peroxylradical (CCl3O2•) under aerobic cellular condition [4]. Both radicals synergistically attack essential biomolecules in the kidney and other body tissues, and are responsible for kidney damage associated with CCl4, a phenomenon which may occur through altered intraglomerular hemodynamic, chronic inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, microangiopathy or tubular cell toxicity [1,2].

Conversely, plants and plant products are usually associated with protection against free radical-induced oxidative damage in the body systems, owing to their antioxidant constituents. In support of this claim, a number of studies have shown that compounds present in different parts of plants (leaf, stem, root, seed or fruit) can protect against oxidative damage stimulated by xenobiotics or free radicals [3,5].

Apple cider vinegar (APCV) is a plant product made from apple and acetic acid. It contains polyphenolic compounds with notable antioxidant properties. APCV is particularly rich in Gallic acid, Catechin, Epicatechin, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, and P-Coumaric (Budak et al., 2011). The apple-derived product is commonly consumed in various forms by individuals across different social and educational boundaries. Most times it is taken directly and other times used in salad dressings, making of marinades & vinaigrettes, food preservation, and chutneys, among other things. APCV is generally believed to boost the physiological state and function of vital organs in the body by acting as a detoxifying and purifying agent [6,7].

In this regard, this study assessed the protective role of apple cider vinegar in CCL4-induced oxidative kidney damage in Wistar rats. On the basis that there is a huge physiological and genetic similarity between rat and man, it is expected that findings from this study will have relevant applications to humans.

2. Materials and methods

2.1. Collection of apple cider vinegar

Apple cider vinegar (Brag) was purchased from a popular grocery shop in the city of Ibadan Nigeria, and preserved as instructed in manufacturer’s manual.

2.2. Animal management and administration

Twenty four rats of Wistar strain and body weight range of 180–200 g were used for the study. They were obtained from the Animal Unit of the Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The animals were handled humanely, kept in plastic suspended cages in a well ventilated and hygienic rat house, under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity. They were provided rat pellets and water ad libitum, and subjected to natural photoperiod of 12 h light/dark cycle. Sequel to a period of acclimatization (14 days), the animals were randomized into four groups (I-IV), a control group (I) and three experimental groups (II, III & IV), with each group containing six animals each (n = 6).

Group I animals served as control and were administered distilled water all through the study. Kidney oxidative damage was induced in groups II and III animals using a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (100%, 1.73 mL/kg body weight, BW). Group II animals were left untreated and served as toxicant group while groups III and IV animals were treated with APCV (1.56 mL/kg BW) once daily for a period of 7 days. At the end of administration, the animals were fasted over night (12 h), and sacrificed by cervical dislocation.

2.3. Tissue preparation for biochemical analysis

Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital sinus of the eye by ocular puncture into non-heparinized bottles for serum analyses of kidney function markers including urea, creatinine, sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion.(k+) using standard assay kits (Randox Lab Ltd. UK.). Serum was processed from whole blood using a table centrifuge at 3000 revolution per minute (r.p.m). Kidneys were also harvested and processed in 10% formalin solution for histological examination.

2.4. Histopathological processing and examination

Histopathological processing and examination of kidney tissues was carried out as described by [8].

2.5. Statistical analysis

Data analysis was performed using statistical software, Prism graphpad, version 6.4. The statistical significance of difference between groups was analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by independent-sample t-test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The results were presented as the mean ± SD.

3. Results

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Table 1 respectively show that CCl4 at the administered dose caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in the serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, Na+ and K+ whereas treatment of animals with APCV significantly decreased the serum concentrations of these parameters relative to the untreated group of animals (CCl4 group). The photomicrographs obtained from the histopathological examination of the kidney sections shows that CCl4 cause some degree of lesions in the organ and the damage was ameliorated by APCV treatment (Fig. 3).

Fig. 1

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Fig. 1. The effect of Apple cider vinegar on urea concentration in CCl4-induced kidney damage

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six rats (n = 6). α = Significant when compared to control β = Significant when compared to CCl4 group.

Fig. 2

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Fig. 2. The effect of Apple cider vinegar on creatinine concentration in CCl4-induced kidney damage

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six rats (n = 6). α = Significant when compared to control β = Significant when compared to CCl4 group.

Table 1. The effect of Apple cider vinegar on serum concentrations of sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+) in CCl4-induced kidney damage.

Treatment Na+ (mmol/L) K+(mmol/L)

Control 136.0 ± 2.09 3.53 ± 0.22

CCl4 alone 139.7 ± 0.58∗ 4.0 ± 0.10∗

CCl4+ APCV 137.0 ± 1.79∗∗ 3.70 ± 1.78∗∗

APCV alone 137.0 ± 1.00 3.60 ± 0.14∗∗

Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six rats (n = 6). ∗ = Significant when compared to control ∗∗ = Significant when compared to CCl4 group.

Fig. 3

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Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of representative kidney sections of the control and experimental groups

A: Photomicrographs of group I animals showing no visible lesions (x100). B: Photomicrographs of group II animals showing marked disseminated congestion/hemorrhagic lesion (blue arrows) (x400). C: Photomicrographs of group III animals showing congestion (blue arrows) (x400). D: Photomicrographs of group IV animals showing No visible lesion (x400). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

4. Discussion

The metabolic and regulatory roles of the kidney are indispensable to life, and that arguably qualifies the organ as extremely vital in the body. However, modern day life style through constant exposure to xenobiotics including nephrotoxins makes it susceptible to oxidative derangement. It becomes important to rely on good diets, supplements or plant products that will not only protect the organ against oxidative stress but also keep it healthy. Apple cider vinegar as a plant product (made from apple and acetic acid) apparently possesses the potential to fulfill those requirements, based on its advertisement label. APCV is particularly rich in well known antioxidants such as Gallic acid, Epicatechin, Chlorogenic acid, and P-Coumaric (Budak et al., 2011), thus, capable of functioning as a detoxifying and purifying agent [6,7].

On the other hand, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a typical xenobiotic and potent nephrotoxic agent commonly used in experimental studies [3], and the results obtained in this investigation validate its efficacy. In support of this, previous studies [4] have associated CCl4 metabolism with generation of free radicals (CCl3• and CCl3O2•), capable of altering the intraglomerular hemodynamic or instigating chronic inflammation, rhabdomyolysis, or tubular cell toxicity, leading to kidney damage [1,2]. It is on this background the present study was set up to assess the protective role of Apple cider vinegar in CCL4-induced oxidative damage in the kidneys of Wistar rats.

Serum levels of urea; creatinine, sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+) are well known clinical indicators of the physiological and functional state of the kidney. Each of these parameters has its normal physiological concentration range. A deviation from this value is taken as a sign of kidney morbidity. Our finding which is consistent with the report of [9] showed that CCl4 caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in the concentrations of the aforementioned indices (urea; creatinine, Na+ and K+) when compared to those of the control counterparts.

Serum urea or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a nitrogen-containing compound formed in the liver as end product of protein metabolism and ornithine cycle (also known as urea cycle). More than 80% of urea is excreted through the kidney; the gastrointestinal (GI) tract eliminates the remaining. The reference range for BUN is 10–20 mg/dL or 3.6–7.1 mmol/L (SI units) [10]. Like serum creatinine, the BUN concentration increases with reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and vice versa (Dossetor, 1996). This means that serum urea is increased in conditions where renal clearance is decreased due to renal impairment. This explains the observation made in this study in which the serum urea of the animals exposed to CCl4 (a nephrotoxin) was significantly increased by a factor of 42.94% (28.34 mg/dL) compared to the control animals with estimated BUN value of 19.84 mg/dL. The ability of APCV to curtail the increase in BUN by a factor of 14.57% (24.18 mg/dL) as noted in this study is indicative of its potential to improve renal function in the test animals. Nonetheless, rise in BUN concentration can be due to other conditions which may not truly reflect renal functioning [11], hence, BUN is not an absolute kidney function indicator.

Creatinine, on the other hand, is a more critical index for assessing renal function. It is the by-product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is produced at a constant rate by the body. In most cases, creatinine is cleared from the blood entirely by the kidney and it is the most commonly used endogenous marker for assessment of glomerular function [12]. Clinically, estimate of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains the most practical means of assessing renal function. GFR is the rate (mm/min) at which substances are filtered or cleared from the blood through the kidney glomerulus. Serum creatinine level is elevated when there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate [12]. The normal physiological range for serum creatinine though varies with age, gender and muscle mass, is usually 0.5–1.2 mg/dL or 44–106 μmol/L (SI units) [10]. In this investigation, the toxicant group (group II animals) showed significant increase in serum creatinine concentration (0.78 mg/dL) by a factor as much as 39.28% when compared to the control animals (0.56 mg/dL). Interestingly, treatment with APCV apparently enhanced the ability of the kidney to prevent creatinine accumulation in the blood by lowering the upsurge by 20.51%. This probably indicates that APCV protected rat kidneys against the damaging effects of CCl4. However, the mean values of serum creatinine estimated for both the control and experimental groups in this study were all below the upper reference boundary of 1.2 mg/dL. This may be adduced to the fact that almost half of kidney function must be lost before a marked rise in serum creatinine can be detected [13]. It implies that increase in serum creatinine is relatively gradual at the earliest stages of kidney damage, and 50% of GFR has to be compromised before creatinine baseline of about 0.6 mg/dL would increase to 1.3 mg/dL, and first be noted to be “abnormal” by most reference intervals (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238545). Thus, serum creatinine is a late marker of acute kidney injury.

One of the essential functions of the kidney is maintenance of the extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte balance. Serum sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are clinical parameters in assessing renal function vis-a-vis electrolyte, acid-base, and water balance. In individuals without any form of renal impairments, sodium accounts for approximately 95% of the osmolity of the extracellular compartment. The normal physiological range for serum sodium is between 135 and 145 mmol/L (US [14].The average daily intake of sodium in adults ranges from 90 to 250 mmol/day but the body requires only 1–2 mmol/day. The excess is excreted by the kidney, which carefully regulate the extracellular sodium level under hormonal influences [15]. Similarly, appropriate renal excretion or reabsorption of potassium is extremely important in maintaining potassium homeostasis. The normal potassium (K+) concentration is given as a serum potassium level between 3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L. As renal function declines, serum levels of sodium and potassium are elevated, and when the increase exacerbates beyond the upper reference boundaries for these ions, conditions respectively known as hypernatremia (serum sodium concentration exceeding 145 mmol/L) and hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration exceeding 5.0 mEq/L) ensue [16].

Although the serum levels of sodium and potassium obtained in this study for all the groups were within the reference range, nonetheless, it is important to note that relative to the control group, the group II animals (untreated CCl4 exposed animals) recorded significant increases in both serum sodium and potassium, whereas the increases were lowered by co-administration of APCV in the treated group. This observation further supports the protective role of APCV against renal impairments.

Oxidative damage plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chemical-induced renal damage, and free radicals are obviously central in the mechanisms that lead to kidney toxicity. Interpretations of the results of the study thus far suggest that CCl4 to a large extent, inflicted renal impairments on the experimental rats and APCV ameliorated the damage caused by CCl4. This assertion is substantiated by the photomicrographs obtained from the histopathological examination of the kidney sections harvested from the control and experimental animals, which revealed that CCl4 induced notable lesions in kidneys of rats, and the damage was ameliorated by APCV treatment. The protective ability of APCV against renal impairments may be attributed to its array of polyphenolic compounds with notable antioxidant properties. APCV is particularly rich in Gallic acid, Epicatechin, Chlorogenic acid, and P-Coumaric among others (Budak et al., 2011). Besides, it is expedient to clearly state that administration of APCV to physiologically healthy rats did not cause any observable abnormality in the animals, attesting to the safety of the plant-based product when used at the recommended amounts.

5. Conclusion

Findings in this study suggest that apple cider vinegar to an extent protected experimental rats against CCl4-induced kidney toxicity. The commercially sold plant-base product (APCV) may provide some degree of therapeutic protection against acute renal impairments in humans.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

F.O. Asejeje: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Methodology. O.M. Ighodaro: Methodology, Writing - review & editing. G.I. Asejeje: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing. A.M. Adeosun: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis.

lso to know is, is apple cider vinegar OK for kidneys?

ACV is said to alkalize blood and urine while increasing stomach acids. ACV may even help reduce pain and inflammation from kidney stones. It helps rid the body of toxins and excess minerals that can lead to kidney stones. According to some, ACV has a cleansing effect on the kidney and liver.

Secondly, what are the side effects of drinking apple cider vinegar? 7 Side Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar

Delayed Stomach Emptying.

Digestive Side Effects.

Low Potassium Levels and Bone Loss.

Erosion of Tooth Enamel.

Throat Burns.

Skin Burns.

Drug Interactions.

Moreover, is vinegar bad for kidneys?

Vinegar, which is mostly acetic acid and water, is not toxic to the kidney. The kidney will need to increase the acid elimination from your body as you take vinegar, but will not harm the kidney.

Does apple cider vinegar help kidney infections?

Apple cider vinegar is one of the most popular home remedies, no matter what type of condition you're trying to treat. It's touted by some as a remedy for kidney infections, too, thanks to its antibacterial properties. That being said, there's no evidence or research available that supports this usage.

37 Related Question Answers Found

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Do bananas help with kidney stones?

Researchers attributed to the high magnesium and potassium content of banana for its ability to prevent the formation of kidney stones. They explained that magnesium combines readily with the oxalates in the food we eat, inhibiting the growth of a type of kidney stone known as calcium oxalate crystals.

How do I detox my kidneys?

From your morning glass of water to that extra cup of herbal tea, here are four ways to cleanse your kidneys and keep them functioning strong. Hydration is key. Choose foods that support kidney health. Drink kidney-cleansing teas. Supplement with supportive nutrients.

What dissolves kidney stones fast?

Apple cider vinegar Acetic acid helps to dissolve kidney stones. In addition to flushing out the kidneys, apple cider vinegar can help ease pain caused by the stones.

Can baking soda damage your kidneys?

A daily dose of sodium bicarbonate -- baking soda, already used for baking, cleaning, acid indigestion, sunburn and more -- slows the decline of kidney function in some patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, reports an upcoming study.

How much apple cider vinegar should a person take per day?

Nevertheless, drinking apple cider vinegar each day can have a boost on your health, but how much should you consume? Healthline advise one to two tablespoons (15-30 ml) be taken each day, mixed with water. They recommend you don't take more than one tablespoon at a time as too much in one sitting could cause nausea.

What color is urine when your kidneys are failing?

Brown, red, or purple urine Kidneys make urine, so when the kidneys are failing, the urine may change.

When should I take apple cider vinegar?

The Best Time to Drink Apple Cider Vinegar Sip your apple cider vinegar drink first thing in the morning or right before a meal. Taken before a meal, the vinegar drink can help you feel full faster, which can aid in weight loss.

What can Apple cider vinegar cure?

Apple cider vinegar is the most popular type of vinegar in the natural health community. It is claimed to lead to all sorts of benefits, many of which are supported by science. This includes weight loss, reduced cholesterol, lower blood sugar levels and improved symptoms of diabetes.

Nutritionists get the question all the time: Can drinking apple cider vinegar help with weight loss? But think about it for a sec. If chugging ACV daily and magically dropping two sizes sounds like BS, well, that's because it is. Sure, if you're using ACV to replace a calorie-bomb condiment like mayo, then it might help you lose ~some~ weight, says Leslie Bonci, RD, the owner of Active Eating Advice. But that's the case with any vinegar, not just apple cider.

"Apple cider vinegar is not this magical elixir that's going to solve all of our problems," says Amanda Baker Lemein, RD. There's not much in the way of actual evidence that ACV comes with any of the major health perks that some celebs (*cough*—Kourtney Kardashian—*cough*) swear they've experienced by drinking it. While consuming ACV has been touted as a positive health practice that can aid weight loss, regulate blood sugar, and lower cholesterol, it also can cause serious digestive distress in some, notes Eliza Savage, RD.

If you do want to see what all the buzz is about and try it yourself, adding a small daily dose of ACV to your diet probably isn't dangerous, so the choice is really yours. Here's everything to know about what you can (and can't) expect to happen to your bod, according to three registered dietitians.

1

You could have serious stomach issues.

"Because vinegar is acidic, some people don’t tolerate it all that well," says Bonci. Not everyone will experience this issue, but if you have ulcerative colitis, inflammation in your digestive tract, or are just prone to stomach aches, you'll probably want to steer clear.

The bottom line: Bonci says vinegar—any vinegar—is a great option for adding flavor to food without skewing its caloric value. But remember: It's not a magic potion, so don't expect a major transformation.

2

You may experience changes in your bowel movements.

Because ACV is made from fermented apples, it contains pectin, "a soluble dietary fiber that acts as a natural gelling agent," says Savage. The pectin in ACV can help to bulk up your stool, promote the growth of good bacteria in the gut, and reduce inflammation. Sounds amazing, right?

But people that consume too much ACV could experience diarrhea. "The ACV may pull water into the bowel," says Savage. This means that your stool may come out watery and more frequently in the form of diarrhea. Needless to say, a not-so-pleasant bathroom experience could await.

3

You could compromise your kidneys.

Another big Q about ACV is whether apple cider vinegar can hurt your kidneys. Lemein cautions people with pre-existing kidney issues from consuming ACV. "There has been some research to show that if you do have any sort of weakened kidneys or immunocompromised kidneys, then consuming anything that is highly acidic is not going to be advised," says Lemein.

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4

You could experience uncomfortable bloating.

If you bloat during your period, then you know just how uncomfortable a swollen tummy can feel. And if you're not a fan, then the ACV diet might not be for you.

"Consuming apple cider vinegar delays stomach emptying," says Savage. This reduces the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the lower digestive tract, meaning you'll feel fuller longer. At times delayed stomach emptying can cause temporary weight loss, Savage says. But it can also cause some serious bloating, gas and nausea.

"A healthier diet alternative would be to increase water intake and choose more high fiber non-starchy vegetables," says Savage.

5

You could worsen acid reflux symptoms.

"Anyone who has acid reflux will want to be cautious of overly acidic foods," says Lemein. This includes ACV, which falls between a two and a three on an acidity scale of zero to seven (zero being the most acidic).

"I would argue that most people find that introducing more acid into their diet negatively affects their previously occurring issue," says Savage.

More ACV equals more stomach acid. And more stomach acid can actually heighten or increase the burning sensation for people who already experience heartburn or reflux.

Is apple cider vinegar bad for kidneys?

6

You may feel extremely weak.

At the risk of sounding painfully obvious here, if you try to subsist mainly on ACV drinks, you're going to get too few calories to function. "It really creates that sense of imbalance, big time," says Bonci.

If you want to start consuming more ACV, Bonci suggests instead having vinegar as part of a meal that also incorporates vegetables, protein, and carbohydrates, ideally as a replacement for a heavier dressing or seasoning. That way, your body will still get the fuel it needs—and you'll save yourself a few unnecessary calories in the process.

7

Your immune system could take a hit.

There is evidence to suggest that probiotics and healthy gut bacteria translate to a strong immune system. ACV is a fermented liquid, and fermentation holds probiotic properties, so it could be an immunity booster...right? Eh, probably not, says Bonci.

Fermented foods can help increase good bacteria in your gut, she says, and some—like sauerkraut—do come in a vinegar base. But the vinegar alone probably isn't going to pack the probiotic punch that you need to make a difference in your immune system.

And Bonci says that if you go nuts with the ACV, you could push out other nutrients from your diet, which is actually bad for your immune system.

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8

You could lose weight—but only temporarily.

That's because any weight you lose supposedly from ingesting more ACV would be primarily water weight, notes Bonci. "So when you replace that water, your weight will come back on."

If you do slim down on an ACV diet, it would be similar to any crash diet—so that rapid weight loss might end up slowing your metabolism and making it harder to shed pounds in the future, Bonci says.

9

Your appetite might increase.

Word on the street is that ACV is an appetite suppressant (FWIW, our writer who tried drinking it daily reported that she didn't notice a change in how hungry she was). In fact, Bonci says people who drink a lot of diluted ACV (in replacement of, say, a snack) might actually end up hungrier because vinegar is so low-cal.

"You feel full for the moment that you’re having it, because you’ve just consumed a gallon of water, but when you pee that out, you’re going to be hungrier, sooner," she says.

10

Your potassium levels may drop and you may experience bone loss.

Another potential side effect to be aware of is hypokalemia, which occurs when potassium levels drop too low, says Soma Mandal, MD, a board-certified internist at Summit Medical Group in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. Hypokalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, or an irregular heartbeat.

There's no proven correlation between ACV and low potassium levels, but one woman in a case study was thought to have experienced this side effect from consuming a lot of ACV over an extended period of time.

A 28-year-old woman who consumed apple cider vinegar for six years experienced low potassium levels, as well osteoporosis (a disease that occurs when the body loses too much and/or produces too little bone, which is otherwise rare in young people), and other blood abnormalities, according to one study. The doctors who treated her believed this was all a result of her over-consumption of ACV.

“When you have low potassium, you can also experience muscle cramps, weakness, and fatigue,” says Dr. Mandal. “This is even more concerning for people who are taking blood pressure medications such as diuretics,” which can also lower potassium.

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11

Your tooth enamel may begin to erode.

Diets high in acidic foods, like fruit juices and citrus fruits, have been shown to lead to damaged tooth enamel, studies show. Tooth enamel erosion is definitely something you want to avoid—once it occurs, there’s not much you can do besides cosmetic repair procedures like bonding. Since apple cider vinegar is acidic, overconsumption can lead to dental erosion, too, says Dr. Mandal.

12

You may feel burning in your throat.

The harsh acidity of ACV can also lead to throat and esophageal irritation, says Dr. Mandal. This isn’t just limited to liquid consumption, though. In fact, one study showed that a woman who’d consumed ACV capsules experienced burning in her throat after one of the pills became lodged in there, leading her to deal with difficulty swallowing and pain for six months afterward.

13

You may start to deal with skin irritations and burns.

Some people apply ACV topically, or take ACV baths, in an effort to soothe acne and skin abrasions. But it can lead to skin irritation and chemical burns if you use too much, says Dr. Mandal.

Seriously. An 8-year-old boy received chemical burns when his mom attempted to treat a skin infection by applying apple cider vinegar, according to one case study. Needless to say, if you’re ever unsure as to how you might react to a new skin treatment, consult a dermatologist first.

14

You may experience interactions with certain drugs.

Because apple cider vinegar can lead to delayed stomach emptying, or gastroparesis, says Dr. Mandal, it can be a major problem if you take certain meds that need to pass through your body and be absorbed on a certain timeframe

“Extra caution needs to be taken if you’re taking diuretics, insulin, blood pressure medication and laxatives,” says Dr. Mandal. “This is especially concerning for people with type 1 and 2 diabetes, since gastroparesis can lead to difficulty controlling blood sugar,” she says.

15

Is there a safe way to consume ACV?

If you’re still interested in consuming ACV for the good benefits it’s touted for, the key is portion control. "Start with one to two teaspoons of diluted ACV with eight ounces of water and progress up to one tablespoon mixed with eight ounces of water," Savage says. "ACV should always be diluted."

Dr. Mandal recommends consuming it with a meal, too. “If you decide to start taking ACV, consult your primary care physician to make sure there aren't any potential complications first,” she says. Always a good idea with any diet change!

Apple cider vinegar benefits your kidneys — or at least that's what its proponents say. This food ingredient has emerged as a natural remedy for kidney stones, liver disease, high cholesterol and diabetes. Although it's not a cure-all, it may improve kidney health and prevent stone formation.

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Kidney Disease at a Glance

Approximately 37 million Americans have undiagnosed kidney disease, according to the National Kidney Foundation. Most symptoms are nonspecific and occur in late stages when treatment options are limited. Sufferers may experience difficulty sleeping, fatigue and low energy, dry skin, poor appetite and muscle cramps.

Kidney disease can result from a variety of causes, from high blood pressure to recurrent kidney infections. Smokers, olders adults and people living with obesity are at greater risk. Genetics and certain disorders, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, may increase your risk, too.

Currently, there is no treatment for chronic kidney disease, points out the Mayo Clinic. The best thing you can do is to prevent it in the first place.

Natural remedies, such as dandelion tea, ginger and apple cider vinegar (ACV), are prized for their healing power. Alternative medicine practitioners claim that apple cider vinegar benefits the liver and kidneys. This so-called superfood is widely used for kidney cleansing, liver detox, weight loss and everything in between. Although it's likely safe when used in moderation, its health benefits are controversial.

​Read more:​ Apple Cider Vinegar Detox Diet

Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits

Kidney stones are a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease. They're painful and can reach the size of a golf ball. Fever, chills and cloudy or bloody urine are common symptoms. Most stones result from calcium buildup in the body, excessive uric acid or high cystine levels, according to Harvard Health Publishing.

Apple cider vinegar is said to dissolve kidney stones and make them easier to pass. Furthermore, anecdotal evidence suggests that it may prevent this condition and improve kidney function. Traditionally, ACV is mixed with water or lemon water and cranberry juice, then consumed several times a day to dissolve the stones.

According to Fernando Cabrera, MD at the Cleveland Clinic, this mixture may help, but it has its limitations. Vinegar makes the urine less acidic, which, in turn, may dissolve kidney stones. Cranberry juice has no proven benefits for kidney function, though. Lemons and their juice are high in citrate, a naturally occurring acid that may prevent stone formation and suppress kidney stone growth.

​Read more:​ The Powers of Apple Cider Vinegar Have Been Vastly Overestimated

As Cabrera points out, apple cider vinegar may work in some cases, but not all. Instead, he recommends drinking plenty of water and cutting down on sodium, animal protein and foods rich in oxalates, such as spinach, rhubarb, almonds, peanuts and rice bran. Dietary changes can go a long way toward kidney health.

What Does the Science Say?

Current evidence does confirm that apple cider vinegar benefits the kidneys. For example, a large-scale study published in ​BJU International​ in February 2017 suggests that fermented vinegar may reduce the formation of kidney stones. As its name suggests, apple cider vinegar is produced from fermented apple juice, so it falls into this category.

A more recent review featured in ​EBioMedicine​ in July 2019 linked daily vinegar consumption to a lower risk of kidney stones and reduced stone recurrence. Researchers attribute these benefits to citrate and acetate, two active compounds in vinegar. Citrate inhibits stone formation, while acetate increases calcium excretion and may protect against kidney damage.

However, using apple cider vinegar for kidney stones is a hit or miss. Your overall diet matters most. The National Kidney Foundation recommends drinking plenty of water and avoiding hot yoga, intense exercise and other activities that promote fluid loss. Rather than limiting oxalate-rich foods, pair them with high-calcium foods, and limit your sodium intake to prevent kidney stones. Fill up on citrus fruits, lemonade, lemon water and other foods and beverages that contain citric acid.

The Internet would have you believe apple cider vinegar is the new pixie dust due to its health benefits. It’s tempting to believe the Internet claims about apple cider vinegar (ACV). They sound so fantastic — even doctors can fall victim to them.

ACV is not pixie dust, but it’s also not snake oil. For those who want to try ACV, it does have some proven health benefits. Here are a few of those health benefits — and limitations — straight, no chaser.

Where does ACV come from?

Vinegar comes from the French phrase vin aigre, meaning sour wine. The sourness comes from the acetic acid. Making apple cider vinegar entails taking advantage of controlled-spoilage.

Yeast digests the sugars in apples and converts them into alcohol. A bacteria, acetobacter, then turns the alcohol into acetic acid. I don’t want to get too technical, but you can call this process fermentation. The "mother" refers to the combination of yeast and bacteria formed during fermentation. If you look at an apple cider vinegar bottle, you can see strands of the "mother" floating around.

Many people attribute apple cider vinegar’s effects to the "mother." There’s some truth to this since the mother counts as a probiotic. But, the importance of the mother has not been established with research. Aside from probiotics, ACV has a vitamin profile similar to apple juice. Hence, the sour drink is ripe with B-vitamins and polyphenols (plant-based antioxidants).

All in all, the probiotics, acetic acid, and the nutrients in ACV are responsible for its health benefits.

ACV may have a modest effect on weight loss, but don’t get rid of your gym membership.1. Apple cider vinegar can help with blood sugar control.

It’s no secret that diabetes is common in the United States. Is ACV a reasonable weapon in the fight against diabetes?

It is, according to some studies. One example is a small study published in the Journal of the American Association of Diabetes in 2004. The study entailed giving participants a meal composed of a bagel, OJ, and butter. After the meal, the participants received 20 grams of apple cider vinegar or a placebo. The researchers checked blood glucose levels 30 and 60 minutes after the meal.

They found that ACV significantly lowered post-meal blood glucose levels. Several other studies report similar findings.

Bottom line: ACV won’t cure diabetes, but it may moderately lower blood glucose levels. It won’t take the place of any medications for diabetes, but it’s a safe enough addition to a diabetes treatment plan (as long as you don’t have kidney disease).

2. Apple cider vinegar may keep the bacteria on your salad from getting out of control.

In 2005, a study assessed vinegar’s anti-microbial properties by inoculating arugula with Salmonella. The researchers treated the tainted arugula with either vinegar, lemon juice, or a combination of them both. The researchers sought to see if these interventions could reduce bacterial growth.

They found that both lemon juice and vinegar decreased the growth of Salmonella. In fact, the ACV/lemon juice mixture decreased Salmonella to undetectable levels (I wouldn’t bank on this at home, though).

Bottom line: Nowadays, it seems like there’s a recall for lettuces at least once per week. Throwing some ACV on your salad may serve a purpose beyond adding flavor. Even if you use ACV, you still have to use common sense. If you dip raw chicken in your spinach, the vinegar won’t stop the bout of diarrhea that’s coming.

3. Apple cider vinegar may help boost weight loss.

Everyone wants to lose weight. Supplements that facilitate weight loss are in high demand. And as it turns out, a randomized, clinical trial recently published in the Journal of Functional Food showed that ACV might help with weight loss.

The participants drank 15ml of ACV with lunch and dinner (a total of 2 tablespoons). They also ate a diet that was 250 calories less than their daily estimated requirements. The researchers found that ACV significantly reduced weight. In fact, the people in the ACV group lost an average of 8.8 lbs over 12 weeks. On the other hand, the participants who did not receive ACV only lost 5 lbs over the 12 week study period. The researchers also found that ACV decreased cholesterol levels.

Bottom line: ACV may have a modest effect on weight loss, but don’t get rid of your gym membership. Keep in mind that the people in this study were on a calorie restricted diet and they exercised. The researchers argued that ACV affects weight by lowering one’s appetite.

4. Apple cider vinegar will not control your high blood pressure.

One popular myth is that ACV can be used for controlling blood pressure. In my research, I found one small study in rats that showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure in rats fed a diet containing acetic acid compared to those without it. There weren’t any studies using ACV for high blood pressure in people.

Bottom line: High blood pressure is nothing to play with. I’ve seen people have strokes in real-time from high blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure, there’s simply not enough data to support using ACV as a blood pressure medication. Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and take your meds if you need them.

5. Apple cider vinegar will not cure cancer.

A few studies show that vinegar may have anti-cancer properties. Most of these studies involved culturing cancer cells and exposing them to vinegar or acetic acid. The limitation of these studies is obvious; we can’t directly pour ACV on cancers inside of people. Further, you definitely can’t give someone an ACV IV infusion without causing serious harm or death.

Yet, a large population study from China found lower rates of esophageal cancer in people who frequently consumed vinegar. It’s worth noting that the people in the study were likely consuming rice vinegar, not ACV.

Bottom line: ACV is not going to cure esophageal cancer, unfortunately. As a GI doctor, I’m typically the first person to tell someone they have esophageal cancer. I wish I could tell people all they have to do is drink some vinegar. Sadly, things aren’t that easy.

If you are concerned about the risk of esophageal cancer, then don’t smoke and don’t drink a lot of alcohol. Talk to your doctor if you have chronic heartburn because you may need screening for Barrett’s esophagus.

The takeaway

Overall, ACV is safe. Everything has a possible downside, even ACV. Before you start guzzling apple cider vinegar, here are a few negative possibilities.

The acid in apple cider vinegar may erode your teeth enamel. You may want to guzzle some water after drinking it.

Anecdotally, acidic foods or liquids like vinegar may exacerbate acid reflux.

If you have chronic kidney disease, your kidneys may not be able to process the excess acid that comes along with drinking apple cider vinegar.

Like any supplement, ACV won't replace a healthy lifestyle. It may have some benefits to our bodies, but overall, we need more studies to truly understand the health benefits and side effects associated with ACV.

This article was originally published on The Doc’s Kitchen.

Apple cider vinegar has become a go-to remedy for warding off colds, quelling heartburn, and boosting weight loss. Many people hail the naturally acidic elixir made with fermented fruit as an incredibly versatile ingredient and overall health hero (via Healthline). Of course, too much of a good thing is, well, not always a good thing — to put it simply. 

Apple cider vinegar can be effective in small daily doses when diluted with water. Whatever you do, though, do not drink it straight. You'll also want to avoid dousing yourself with the potion and proceed with care and caution. When consumed in excess, this seemingly harmless ingredient can cause you major discomfort and have harmful consequences on everything from your teeth to your skin to your kidneys.

Yes, apple cider vinegar may have many medicinal properties, but it also yields some majorly unpleasant effects when portion control is not properly exercised. Thinking about hopping on the ACV bandwagon? To avoid paying a painful price, this is what you should know about drinking too much apple cider vinegar.

Too much apple cider vinegar can wreak havoc on your teeth

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Want to keep your smile radiant? Curb the apple cider vinegar swishing or else swig it down quickly — with caution. While apple cider vinegar certainly has a rightful place in your medicine cabinet and may even be used as a natural teeth whitener, its acidic nature can do more bad than good to your pearly whites. 

Jack Ringer, a California-based cosmetic dentist, explained to Well+Good that "when acids touch the teeth for a prolonged time, it can be disastrous." This is because they are proficient at wearing down the enamel of your teeth and, according to Ringer, "we don't get that enamel back." Once it's gone, it's gone for good. Enamel erosion can cause painful teeth sensitivity and turn your pearly whites a grayish hue. As such, it may even require major dental work. 

So what can you do to ensure that your apple cider vinegar habit helps your health without hurting your teeth? According to Ringer, you'll want to cut your apple cider vinegar with water before using, suck the mixture through a straw, rinse with water afterwards, and avoid brushing immediately after your measured dose.

Drinking too much apple cider vinegar may interfere with certain medications

Take stock of your medications before you adopt a daily apple cider vinegar routine. As it turns out, ACV can interact, interfere, and even impede the efficacy of certain common drugs.

Diabetics who take insulin or insulin-like medications should be especially wary, as apple cider vinegar can cause their blood sugar levels to plummet when consumed in excess or even in moderate amounts. Those who take Digoxin or Lanoxin also need to be aware that apple cider vinegar could force their potassium numbers to drop way too low. Similarly, consuming too much apple cider vinegar while taking diuretics could cause a dramatic drop in potassium (via Healthline). 

These are the most frequently reported interactions, but they are not the only ones. You may want to consult WebMD's list of drug interactions or ask your local pharmacist for more information. Additionally, you should always consult your doctor before starting a new health regimen, even if it is something as seemingly harmless as adding a shot of apple cider vinegar to a jug of water.

Too much apple cider vinegar may make you feel weak

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According to a report published in Nephron, one woman experienced severe potassium depletion (hypokalemia) as a result of consuming one cup of apple cider vinegar cut with water daily for six years. Furthermore, diagnostic testing found that, at just 28 years old, she was also suffering from osteoporosis. Noting that high levels of acidity in the body can discourage the healthy formation and regeneration of bone, doctors deduced that an excessive intake of apple cider vinegar lead to a depletion of minerals.  

While this is just one medical story, it offers ample warning to those who chug apple cider vinegar like it is plain water. A small amount will most likely not lead to bone loss, but it is possible that your potassium levels could dip down, leading to muscle weakness, cramping, and exhaustion, per Medical News Today.

As noted by the Mayo Clinic, the most concerning side effect of low potassium is an abnormal heart rhythm; it's important to consult your doctor for the best course of action to get your potassium levels up. In the meantime, you may want to lay off the ACV.

Drinking too much apple cider vinegar could cause damage to your kidneys

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While a connection between apple cider vinegar and kidney problems has not been definitively confirmed, there are initial indications that those with existing conditions should take heed before downing a drink with ACV.

Registered dietitian Amanda Baker Lemein gave apple cider vinegars sippers a hearty warning when speaking with Women's Health: "There has been some research to show that if you do have any sort of weakened kidneys or immunocompromised kidneys, then consuming anything that is highly acidic is not going to be advised."

If you are insistent on keeping up with your apple cider vinegar routine, it's imperative to be cautious and dole out portions appropriately. Lemein advised to "start with 1 to 2 teaspoons of diluted ACV with 8 ounces of water and progress up to 1 tablespoon mixed with 8 ounces of water." She continued, saying, "ACV should always be diluted."

Drinking too much apple cider vinegar can lead to painful and dangerous esophageal burns

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Spoiler alert: Apple cider vinegar mixed into a glass of water may not taste all that great. Furthermore, swallowing a big gulp can stir up more than an unpleasant aftertaste, it can also cause an uncomfortable tingling sensation in your throat and esophageal tract. And, no, in this case you do not want to feel the burn. This is one reason why it is important to dilute your apple cider vinegar with water — yes, even if it tastes pretty yucky. Taken straight, apple cider vinegar can cause serious and painful esophageal injuries, per Healthline.

According to one report cited by the publication, a woman who'd gotten an apple cider vinegar tablet caught in her throat claimed that for six months following the incident, her throat burned and she had continued trouble swallowing. While this can be viewed as an isolated incident, it is worth noting that one study published in Acta Paediatrica cited vinegar as a "caustic substance" that, if ingested, can lead to painful throat burns and, thus, must always be kept in "baby-safe bottles."

You could burn your skin with apple cider vinegar

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Lots of people not only drink apple cider vinegar, but turn to the liquid as a skin care remedy. However, just like you need to be careful in your oral consumption, you should also tread lightly when applying the acidic product directly to your face and body.

A 2015 study published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology revealed the story of a young girl who tried to remove moles from her face using apple cider vinegar. While she actually did succeed in her extraction attempt, she also gave herself a pretty painful chemical burn. 

In an interview with Everyday Health, dermatologist Nazanin Saedi warned those who seek to DIY their epidermal issues to avoid apple cider vinegar altogether as it can be too harsh and abrasive on sensitive skin. And, by the way, you are not necessarily safe from the effects of potential skin burns when you drink it down instead of pat it externally. Make sure you are diluting it properly, or you could cause ulcer-like burns to the soft tissue of your mouth and gums, The Washington Post explained.

Drinking too much apple cider vinegar could lead to bloating

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If downing apple cider vinegar has you feeling perpetually full, it's no coincidence. Turns out that the ingredient can slow down the digestion process, as revealed in a 2013 report published in the International Journal of Obesity. This may result in suppressing your appetite or keeping you satiated from smaller meals for longer. However, this is not necessarily a thing to celebrate. Many people who drink apple cider vinegar report subsequent nausea spells. This often further drives a person's inability to eat.

No one wants to feel sick to their stomach all day, of course, but not everyone who drinks apple cider vinegar will go on to feel ill. Some people find that their daily intake of ACV actually helps with bloating. The medical studies are lacking, but, anecdotally, some who suffer from low stomach acid report that a little bit of the acidic drink does the trick.

As noted by Healthline, this may be due to these people having a backup of bacteria in their stomachs from a buildup of food. The apple cider vinegar can encourage stomach acid to break this all down, thus "theoretically" helping to curb bloating.

You might disrupt the regularity of your bowel movements when you drink too much apple cider vinegar

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As apple cider vinegar is thought to cause a delay in digestive emptying, it may also slow your bowel habits, according to Medical News Today. However, if you consume too much apple cider vinegar, you could end up with the opposite effect: diarrhea.

As explained by Healthline, the sugar content in the vinegar can "stimulate peristalsis" (the rhythmic contracting and releasing of the intestinal muscles). Furthermore, when not properly diluted, it can "pull water out of the body into the bowel" resulting in, well, a case of the runs. 

Interestingly, though, people may rely on this happening to temporarily and more naturally relieve a case of constipation. It is also important to note, per the publication, that apple cider vinegar may eliminate the healthy bacteria you want in your gut. So, if it has a diuretic effect on you, it may be wise to avoid slurping it down every day. As with most things, moderation is the key to avoiding unwanted effects.

Your acid reflux may be exacerbated by too much apple cider vinegar

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If you are regularly suffering from heartburn or acid reflux, you may want to steer clear of your beloved apple cider vinegar. While some people choose to fight acid with acid, swearing that apple cider vinegar actually combats the problem, many others report that it exacerbates the issue.

As noted by Medical News Today, those who already have a sore esophageal tract will likely feel additional pain and burning. So, at the very least, avoid taking it when you are already in digestive discomfort. Moreover, if you take daily medication for heartburn or have moderate to severe symptoms of reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it's wise to stop drinking apple cider vinegar. Additionally, you should talk to your doctor before resuming your regimen.

Those who only have mild or occasional symptoms, though, may want to see if the vinegar can ward off their symptoms. Medical News Today advises using less than a tablespoon in a glass of water either right before or right after eating.

You could weaken your immune system if you drink too much apple cider vinegar

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If you think that a swig or two of apple cider vinegar is the answer and cure-all to every last issue, well, it's officially time for a health and wellness reality check. Registered dietitian Amanda Baker Lemein told Women's Health, "Apple cider vinegar is not this magical elixir that's going to solve all of our problems."

As noted by the publication, many people assume that since apple cider vinegar is a fermented liquid, it has probiotic properties that will improve the immune system and boost overall health. Unfortunately, unlike something like sauerkraut, it is an acid alone, meaning it probably doesn't "pack the probiotic punch" you'd actually need to make a difference.

Furthermore, consuming too much apple cider vinegar can actually eliminate nutrients and even eradicate some of the good-for-you healthy bacteria in your gut. In short, a diluted shot of ACV a day most likely won't hurt, but it may not help either.

Your appetite may seriously decrease — or increase — due to consuming too much apple cider vinegar

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Drinking apple cider vinegar can affect your appetite, a report published in the International Journal of Obesity revealed. As it can slow the process of breaking down foods, you may end up feeling fuller longer. This may result in you eating less and, subsequently, lead to weight loss. As previously noted, though, consuming it in excess may also cause nausea and further hinder any hunger pangs.

A 2018 study in the Journal of Functional Foods found that people who consumed a low-calorie diet and drank apple cider vinegar lost more weight as well as had lower body mass indexes and lower cholesterol than those who exclusively dieted. Of course, you know what they say about best laid plans. They can backfire (or something like that).

As it turns out, drinking too much apple cider vinegar can also have the opposite effect on your body and eating patterns. Registered dietitian Leslie Bonci told Women's Health that while you may feel full for a while after drinking it, that is typically "because you've just consumed a gallon of water." Alas, "when you pee that out, you're going to be hungrier, sooner," she explained.

Drinking too much apple cider vinegar may put pregnant women at risk

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Pregnancy is accompanied by loads of unpleasant symptoms and while soon-to-be moms are discouraged from taking many medications, they may be able to find relief in a daily dose of apple cider vinegar. Per Healthline, apple cider vinegar has been anecdotally shown to relieve morning sickness, heartburn, yeast infections, and other common afflictions expecting women frequently encounter. Still, the publication noted that "there's no research proving that ACV specifically is either safe or unsafe for pregnancy."

Nevertheless, unpasteurized apple cider vinegar in particular may present unique dangers to pregnant women. While many people prefer this "raw" variation, it can can carry illness-causing bacteria, such as Listeria.

Since your immune system is suppressed during pregnancy, you are at a greater risk for getting sick from food-borne bacteria — and it could be incredibly hard on your body and your baby's. In fact, it can increase the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth and it can even be fatal, according to Healthline. It is important to talk to your doctor about any new health regimen, of course, but it's even more critical when you're drinking apple cider vinegar for two.

If you have diabetes, you'll want to drink apple cider vinegar with caution

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Those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes may want to consider adding a spoonful of apple cider vinegar (diluted) to their diets. As indicated by a report published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, apple cider vinegar can help to reduce blood glucose levels and may, in some instances, "reduce ... insulin demand." 

Those with diabetes, however, will need to exercise caution. It's wise to consult your doctor before adding ACV to your routine — especially if you already manage your diabetes with medication. Registered dietitian Lisa Drayer explained to CNN Health, saying, "If you're taking a diabetes drug, the vinegar could amplify the effects of your meds, and your doctor might want to adjust your dosage."

Apple cider vinegar can also interact with insulin and cause your sugar level to drop too low. Furthermore, if you have diabetic gastroparesis, a condition in which it takes the body a longer time to break down food, taking apple cider vinegar will further delay digestion, potentially causing your glucose numbers to stay higher for longer, as noted by a study published in BMC Gastroenterology. In a case like this, even a spoonful of apple cider vinegar can be too much for your body.

Read More: https://www.healthdigest.com/235439/youre-not-drinking-enough-water-if-this-happens-to-you/?utm_campaign=clip

 For many years now, the health benefits of apple cider vinegar have been heard around the globe. In fact, apple cider vinegar has been marketed as the “go-to” for a myriad of remedies and is constantly trending as an ingredient to help weight loss. Apple cider vinegar is made from apples. To make apple cider vinegar, the yeast in the apple juice ferments the sugars and the juice becomes alcohol. The bacteria in the alcohol converts to acetic acid, which is the main ingredient in all vinegar.

Is apple cider vinegar good for kidneys?

Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar Seem Miraculous!

Some of the benefits of apple cider vinegar include: improved digestion, regulated blood sugar, shiny hair, keeps skin and scalp pH balanced, can reduce or reverse insulin resistance, reduces belly fat, helps with weight loss, kills bacteria, lowers blood pressure, makes you feel fuller, contains antioxidants, and even improves heart health. However, be careful with your intake of apple cider vinegar and do not overdo it.

How Can Apple Cider Vinegar Be Harmful?

Other than being good for you, the health and wellness industry has promoted apple cider vinegar as a fast, easy, accessible and affordable solution to many issues. However, apple cider vinegar is not for everyone and there are some dangers if it is not consumed correctly.

The biggest problem with the intake of apple cider vinegar, in my experience, is that sometimes it inflames bowel symptoms. The acid in apple cider vinegar can cause stomach ulcers, deterioration of the stomach lining, nausea and indigestion. These symptoms often occur because people drink undiluted apple cider vinegar. Many people believe apple cider vinegar helps them lose weight, lessen feelings of hunger and makes you feel full for longer periods of time after eating; while true, undiluted acid sitting in the stomach and going down the digestive track, tends to eat away at the lining of the stomach.

Apple cider vinegar can also cause tooth decay, because of the acetic acid. Acetic acid can wear down tooth enamel and the weaken teeth, which can cause teeth to decay and eventually lead to tooth loss.

If you have weak kidneys or have been diagnosed with kidney disease, apple cider vinegar will hurt your kidneys due to the high levels of acid. Many people use apple cider vinegar for a cleanse and although it can help cleanse toxins, it also helps rid the body of minerals and can cause hypokalemia, lowered potassium levels. While some people may not experience any symptoms, others may experience muscle weakness after regularly using apple cider vinegar, or worse paralysis caused by low potassium levels. If you are unsure of your potassium levels, request a blood test before beginning to use apple cider vinegar.

Stop Drinking Apple Cider Vinegar If You Have These:

• Digestive issues, acid re-flux, colitis or ulcers

• Stomach feels hot and starts to burn

• Nausea

• Weakness

• Muscle aches or cramps

• Headaches

4 Tips to Using Apple Cider Vinegar:

1. Manage the amount of apple cider vinegar consumed at one time, by diluting it with water. 1 tablespoon in ½ glass of water or ¼ glass of oil for salad dressing is safe.

2. Limit apple cider vinegar exposure to teeth, use a straw to drink it.

3. Always be sure you do not have preexisting conditions prior to use of apple cider vinegar and check your blood for low or unusual potassium levels.

4. At any time, you experience negative side effects, stop using it.

Recipes

Apple Cider Vinegar Salad Dressing

1 small shallot, peeled, cored and quartered

1/3 cup of extra virgin olive oil

4 Tbsp of apple cider vinegar

2 tsp Dijon mustard

Stevia to taste

Red pepper to taste

Instructions:

In a blender, puree shallot, oil, vinegar, and mustard until smooth for about 30 seconds. Store in glass mason jar or other glass container. Either use right away or store in the refrigerator, before use, take out of the fridge and allow the dressing to come to room temperature.

Healthy Apple Cider Coleslaw

4 cups of shredded cabbage

1 shredded carrot

½-1 tbsp of stevia

2 tbsp apple cider vinegar

¼ cup vegan mayo

Instructions:

1. In a large bowl mix the cabbage and carrots.

2. Mix all the ingredients in a separate bowl to taste.

3. Pour the dressing over the cabbage and carrots and chill until cold or ready to serve.

Apple Cider Weight-Loss Drink

12 ounces of water

2 tsp. of Apple Cider Vinegar

1 tsp. of lemon juice

1 tsp. of ginger juice

Stevia to taste

Instructions:

Drink 4 ounces before each meal. Diet should be cleansing foods (vegetables mostly) for better weight loss.

You’ve likely heard someone swear by the benefits of drinking apple cider vinegar (ACV) for their health. But is there a good reason to consume it?

Apple cider vinegar is typically used as an ingredient in salad dressings, but people also use it as a remedy. It has been claimed to help with weight loss, diabetes, dandruff, cholesterol, blood pressure, indigestion and cancer. But, is there scientific evidence to support these health claims and is drinking apple cider vinegar safe?

To produce ACV, apple cider or apples are fermented into alcohol with yeast. The alcohol is then combined with specific bacteria, which converts alcohol to acetic acid (vinegar). Since the ancient times, people have been using vinegar, including ACV, as a disinfectant and food preservative. Lately, people have been using it for health reasons.

One promising benefit: it seems to help regulate blood sugar. Some studies have shown that ACV can help improve insulin response and decrease post-meal blood glucose but only if taken with a meal that contains starch. When taken with a meal that contains no starch, the ACV has no effect on blood sugar. The drawback of these studies is that they were done on a small scale and the variables were not consistent. It’s also important to note that this benefit is not actually exclusive to ACV. Any type of vinegar will do the same. Also, don’t use ACV to control your blood sugar. If you’re diabetic, you likely need more than just vinegar. The best way to manage diabetes is with lifestyle management, including diet, exercise, and reaching a healthy weight. There is a lack of scientific evidence to recommend vinegar as an adjunct treatment for diabetes.

As far as its role in weight loss, ACV is often used as an appetite suppressant. It has been proposed that ACV may delay stomach emptying, resulting in greater feelings of satiety and fullness and consuming fewer calories. The majority of these studies, however, were done on rats, not humans. As with other health claims made about drinking cider vinegar for health reasons, there needs to be more evidence-based outcomes in human studies; before professionals can make solid conclusions.

ACV is considered safe when consumed in small amounts. The good news is that vinegar is low in calories (3 kcal per tablespoon) and is an easy way to flavor foods. Its use as a flavor enhancer can be a helpful way to limit calories, which can ultimately help with both weight loss and diabetes.  A typical vinegar-based salad dressing recipe uses one to two teaspoons of apple cider vinegar (per serving). If you plan to take apple cider vinegar in larger amounts, discuss this with your doctor first. 

Keep in mind that apple cider vinegar is highly acidic. Speak with your physician and pharmacist before including ACV in your diet or initiating any new regimen involving alternative medicines or supplements, especially if you are on medications.

Based on the current evidence, drinking apple cider vinegar is not recommended as a measure to improve health because, like so many other health trends, more research needs to be done to draw conclusions on the benefits and safety of ACV.

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has become a popular home remedy for many conditions. Among its purported uses is the ability to dissolve or prevent kidney stones.

Much of the evidence supporting the use of ACV to treat kidney stones is anecdotal. Although there isn’t much research out there, people still regard it as a promising natural treatment option.

Using raw, organic, unfiltered ACV is thought to bring the best results. Continue reading to learn more about its healing powers.

What are kidney stones?

Kidney stones are solid masses of crystalized minerals and salts that develop inside the kidneys and along the urinary tract. Kidney stones happen as the result of a buildup of these minerals in your urine, especially when your urine is concentrated. They vary in size and are often quite painful.

Kidney stones may cause nausea, fever, and painful urination. They’re quite common, especially if you’ve had them before or if they run in your family.

How can apple cider vinegar help?

Some people recommend using ACV as a natural way to treat kidney stones. The acetic acid found in ACV is thought to soften, break down, and dissolve kidney stones. The kidney stones can be reduced in size so that you’re able to easily pass them in your urine.

ACV is said to alkalize blood and urine while increasing stomach acids. This helps prevent new stones from forming and improves digestion.

ACV may even help reduce pain and inflammation from kidney stones. It helps rid the body of toxins and excess minerals that can lead to kidney stones. According to some, ACV has a cleansing effect on the kidney and liver.

What does the research say?

Much of the evidence supporting the use of ACV in treating kidney stones is anecdotal. Solid scientific studies examining the direct effect of ACV on kidney stones are lacking. However, ACV still shows potential in treating kidney stones.

For example, ACV contains trace amounts of potassium, which has been shown to prevent the formation of kidney stones. Research from 2016 found that higher levels of dietary potassium intake were strongly associated with the prevention of kidney stones.

It’s important that you don’t take too much ACV, though, since this can lead to potassium loss. Further research investigating the direct effect of the potassium in ACV in preventing kidney stones is needed.

A 2017 studyTrusted Source looked at the effect of different dietary habits on kidney stones. Fermented vinegar was found to have a positive effect on the prevention of stones. It was shown to be significantly linked to a lesser risk of kidney stone formation. Tea and legumes were found to have the same effect. More research is needed to determine the direct effect of vinegar on kidney stones.

According to a 2014 animal study, ACV has a protective effect against kidney oxidative injury and increases antioxidant enzymes. It was also shown to lower cholesterol levels. This could be useful in preventing kidney stones, since higher body weights are associated with kidney stone formation. You’re more likely to have higher cholesterol if you’re overweight.

How to take apple cider vinegar

You can drink ACV if you have kidney stones. It can also be taken regularly as a preventive measure.

Always drink diluted ACV. Undiluted ACV can harm tooth enamel and burn your throat. Rinse your mouth thoroughly after consuming it.

There are several options for taking ACV.

The simplest way to take it is to add 1–2 tablespoons to a glass of water. Try adding 1 tablespoon of raw honey if you want to make it sweeter.

It’s thought that adding lemon juice to ACV can enhance its positive effects on health. This is because lemon juice also contains citrate, which helps to further lower acidity levels in the urine. The citrate can also help prevent new stones from forming and existing stones from becoming bigger. Add 2 ounces of lemon juice to the ACV water.

For what’s been called a powerful kidney stone home remedy, combine:

1–2 tablespoons of ACV

2 ounces of lemon juice

2 ounces of olive oil

Drink this concoction followed by a glass of water.

Another option is to mix 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda and 2 tablespoons of ACV in a glass of warm or lukewarm water. Sodium bicarbonate is the active ingredient in baking soda. It can help alkalize your body and make your urine less acidic. This is thought to help get rid of kidney stones and prevent them from coming back.

You can add ACV to your meals by including it as an ingredient in a host of homemade products, including:

salad dressings

sauces or ketchup

marinades

mayonnaise

vinaigrette

smoothies

ACV is also available in capsule or supplement form. Get it here.

Prevention tips

There are dietary practices that can help prevent kidney stones. Here are some guidelines and recommendations:

Reduce your salt intake.

Limit your sugar intake.

Drink at least 64 ounces of water daily.

Avoid processed foods.

Limit acidic foods.

Increase your calcium intake with low-fat dairy foods.

Eat whole grains and nuts.

Avoid refined carbs.

Maintain a healthy body weight.

Eat plant-based proteins such as quinoa, lentils, and dried beans.

Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Limit high-fat foods.

Eat fewer high-oxalate foods.

Eat foods rich in magnesium.

Eat less animal protein, especially red and processed meats.

Avoid vitamin C supplements.

The takeaway

It’s important that you take care of your health if you have kidney stones. Schedule an appointment with your doctor if your condition doesn’t improve, or if your symptoms worsen or become severe.

In some cases, kidney stones require medical treatment in order to avoid complications. Only your doctor can tell you whether it’s safe to take a wait-and-see approach to your stones while trying a home remedy like ACV.

As a preventive measure, it’s a good idea to make a point to improve your lifestyle to maintain excellent health. Eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and take steps to avoid stress. Make sure you get plenty of rest so that you have enough energy to function well.

It’s especially important that you take care of yourself if you’ve had kidney stones in the past or if they’re prevalent in your family.

Why does my stomach hurt after drinking apple cider vinegar?

Raise your hand if you've ever been personally hustled, scammed, and bamboozled by apple cider vinegar? No shade if you have, because it's easy to buy into the wellness elixir: you can get apple cider vinegar at most grocery stores, it's cheap, plus people say it's supposed to be amazing for your scalp and skin, as well as your gut health. And although it tastes kind of gnarly, it's just vinegar, so what could go wrong? A lot, actually.

Anecdotally, people say consuming apple cider vinegar, aka "ACV," can cause a whole bunch of stomach issues, most notably diarrhea and nausea. Studies have shown that apple cider vinegar delays "gastric emptying," meaning it messes with your body's ability to move food from the stomach into the intestines, which can leave you feeling queasy. (That's one of the reasons why so many people recommend drinking shots of ACV on an empty stomach.) On top of that, the sugar in apple cider vinegar can trigger peristalsis, an uncomfortable wave-like contraction in the intestines. And undiluted vinegar can pull water out of your intestines, causing diarrhea.

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While this might sound a touch dramatic that a product as seemingly ubiquitous as apple cider vinegar could be so rough on your body, it's important to remember that at its core, ACV is vinegar. It's a highly acidic substance, so if you drink it on the regular, it can irritate your throat and wear away your tooth enamel, leading to mouth pain and discomfort. People who also take medications like diuretics or insulin, also have to be super careful with apple cider vinegar because it can interfere and lead to low potassium levels, according to the Mayo Clinic.

So, does this all mean that you can never drink apple cider vinegar ever again? Not necessarily. If you are a fan of consuming ACV, you should definitely let your doctor or healthcare provider know. They might have legit instructions or warnings that apply to your personal health history. For example, some studies have shown that ACV has an effect on your blood sugar, so that's pretty major for people with Type 2 diabetes.

As for other off-label uses for ACV, like hair and skin masks, it's likewise a good idea to proceed with caution; some people may experience a skin reaction when ACV is applied topically. So, even though ACV seems like a cure-all that everyone is chugging, it's probably not going to fix your whole life, and there's very little research that shows it does anything. Bottom line: ACV could cause more problems than it solves, so proceed with caution.

What happens if you drink too much apple cider vinegar?

What Is Apple Cider Vinegar?

 

Apple cider vinegar is mostly apple juice, but adding yeast turns the sugar in the juice into alcohol. This is a process called fermentation. Bacteria turn the alcohol into acetic acid. That’s what gives vinegar its sour taste and strong smell.

Apple cider vinegar has a long history as a home remedy, used to treat things like sore throat and varicose veins. There isn’t much science to support the claims. But in recent years, some researchers have been taking a closer look at apple cider vinegar and its possible benefits.

Some people say the “mother,” the cloud of yeast and bacteria you might see in a bottle of apple cider vinegar, is what makes it healthy. These things are probiotic, meaning they might give your digestive system a boost, but there isn’t enough research to back up the other claims.

Apple Cider Vinegar Uses and Dosage

Vinegar is used in cooking, baking, and salad dressings and as a preservative. There’s a lot of acid in it, so drinking vinegar straight isn’t recommended. It can cause problems, like eroding the enamel of your teeth, if you get too much.

If you’re looking to use it for health reasons, most people say to add 1 to 2 tablespoons to water or tea.

Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits

Vinegar has been used as a remedy for centuries. The ancient Greeks treated wounds with it. In recent years, people have explored apple cider vinegar as a way to lose weight, improve heart health, and even treat dandruff.

Research doesn’t back most of these claims. But some studies have found that the acetic acid may help with a variety of conditions:

Japanese scientists found that drinking vinegar might help fight obesity.

One small study found that vinegar improved blood sugar and insulin levels in a group of people with type 2 diabetes.

Vinegar also has chemicals known as polyphenols. They help stop the cell damage that can lead to other diseases, like cancer. But studies on whether vinegar actually lowers your chances of having cancer are mixed.

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Apple Cider Vinegar Risks and Side Effects

Because of its high acidity, drinking a lot of apple cider vinegar can damage your teeth, hurt your throat, and upset your stomach. Also:

Though some studies have been promising, there’s still little to prove that drinking apple cider vinegar helps you lose weight.

It may also cause your potassium levels to drop too low. Your muscles and nerves need that nutrient to work the way they should.

Another study of people with type 1 diabetes found that apple cider vinegar slows the rate food and liquids move out of your stomach to your intestines. Slower digestion makes it harder to control your blood sugar level.

It might cause some medications to not work as well. These include diabetes and heart disease drugs as well as diuretics  (medicines that help your body get rid of water and salt) and laxatives.

And of course, its strong taste might not be for everyone.

In short, apple cider vinegar probably won’t hurt you. You can try it because it’s calorie-free, adds lots of flavor to food, and has health benefits. But it isn’t a miracle cure.

How much apple cider vinegar should you drink in a day?

Apple cider vinegar is a type of vinegar made from fermented apple juice. Manufacturers often add it to certain foods as a natural flavoring or preservative.

Research suggests that apple cider vinegar (ACV) may have potential health benefits when people consume it medicinally.

In this article, we outline the science behind these possible benefits. We also provide guidelines on dosages and list the potential side effects and risks of consuming ACV.

Is it safe to take daily? 

ACV is generally safe when a person consumes it in a meal.

Image credit: Ben McCanna/Portland Portland Press Herald via Getty Images.

As a food ingredient, ACV is generally safe for most people to consume daily. Manufacturers often add ACV to salad dressings, marinades, and other condiments.

Some people may question the potential risks of ACV if people consume it in larger doses. However, there is currently little research that examines these effects.

Medical professionals do know that side effects can occur if someone drinks neat ACV or applies it to the skin.

In general, a person should consume or use ACV in moderation.

Dosage for certain conditions

The purported health benefits of ACV and other types of vinegar are due to the main ingredient: acetic acid. A 2016 review found that drinking 15 milliliters (ml) or 1 tablespoon of acetic acid daily is usually enough for a person to see potential health benefits.

However, the exact recommended dosage depends partly on the condition that someone wishes to treat. Below is a list of health conditions that ACV may help manage, alongside information on recommended dosages.

A person should talk to their doctor before they add extra ACV to their diet or consume larger doses for medical purposes. It may not be suitable for certain people due to its potential to interact with some medications.

Blood glucose control

A 2017 review found that a person who drinks vinegar has lower levels of glucose and insulin in their blood after a meal. This is true for people with and without blood glucose disorders.

The authors conclude that vinegar may be a beneficial add-on treatment to help control blood glucose levels. However, the review did not specifically investigate the role of ACV.

A 2004 study found that ACV helps improve postmeal insulin sensitivity in people with insulin resistance. The authors suggest that the acetic acid in ACV may have physiological effects similar to those of the diabetes medications acarbose and metformin.

Use Apple Cider Vinegar Daily and THIS Happens to Your Kidneys

The study outlines the following ACV recipe, which participants drank 2 minutes before consuming food:

20 grams (g) apple cider vinegar

40 g water

1 teaspoon sugar or sweetener

Overall, the research findings indicate that ACV has the potential to affect blood glucose and insulin. As such, a person who has diabetes or other blood glucose control issues should talk to their healthcare provider before they use ACV medicinally.

A person should also never use ACV as a replacement for prescribed diabetes medications.

Learn more about ACV and diabetes here.

Weight loss

A 2014 study examined the effects of vinegar intake in people with obesity, looking specifically at the following health factors:

body weight

body fat mass (BFM)

levels of fats, or lipids, in the blood

The researchers split the participants into three groups. Each person drank a 250 ml beverage twice a day, once after breakfast and once after dinner. The drink contained either 0 ml, 15 ml, or 30 ml of ACV.

Those who drank the ACV had a modest weight loss of 1–2 kilograms (kg) throughout the 3-month study. They also showed reductions in BFM and blood lipid levels.

A 2018 trial investigated the effects of ACV in 44 people with overweight or obesity. These outcomes included:

weight management

visceral fat, which is the fat stored around the abdominal organs

blood lipid levels

All participants ate a reduced calorie diet over the 12-week study. Some also consumed 15 ml of ACV twice per day with salad. The researchers found that those who had the ACV experienced more health benefits than those who did not. These benefits included reductions in:

body weight

body mass index (BMI)

visceral fat

hip circumference

appetite

blood lipids

total cholesterol

The authors conclude that a reduced calorie diet combined with ACV could help improve health outcomes in people with overweight or obesity. However, further studies with more participants are necessary to confirm these findings.

Learn more about ACV and weight loss here.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a condition that affects the function of a female’s ovaries. It typically causes irregular menstruation, which may lead to reduced fertility.

According to the Office on Women’s HealthTrusted Source, PCOS is a common but treatable cause of infertility that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age.

A 2013 studyTrusted Source notes that impaired insulin sensitivity may be a potential cause of PCOS in some females. As ACV appears to improve insulin sensitivity, the researchers set out to investigate whether ACV could help treat PCOS.

Seven participants with PCOS drank a beverage with 15 g of ACV daily for 90–110 days. At follow-up, six showed improved insulin sensitivity, and four experienced improvements in their menstrual cycles.

The researchers suggest that ACV may help promote ovarian function by improving insulin sensitivity in females with PCOS. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Side effects

There are some concerns about the safety and potential side effects of ACV. The risks mostly revolve around skin irritation and tooth enamel erosion.

Skin irritation

Dermatologists warn that applying neat ACV to the skin can result in irritation.

People should always dilute ACV in water or oil before they administer it to their skin. A person should also perform a patch test on a small area of their skin to check for any reaction before they apply the mixture more extensively.

Tooth enamel erosion

Dentists advise that consuming ACV can damage tooth enamel. Higher concentrations of ACV or long-term consumption of ACV is likely to increase this risk.

To help reduce the risk of tooth enamel erosion, a person should dilute vinegar in plenty of water before consumption. Afterward, it may be helpful to rinse the mouth out with plain water or mouthwash.

WERBUNG

Drug interactions

ACV can interact with certain drugs, such as diuretics and diabetes medications.

A person who takes medication should talk to their healthcare provider before they use medicinal ACV or add extra ACV to their diet.

In some cases, ACV supplementation may not be suitable for a person. In these instances, a healthcare provider may be able to recommend a safer alternative.

Summary

Research shows that ACV may help control blood glucose and insulin levels and that it could help treat PCOS in some women. Some studies also suggest that ACV could provide modest results if someone wishes to manage their weight.

Most research recommends a daily dosage of approximately 1–2 tablespoons of ACV, mixed in water. However, exact dosages vary according to the condition. Modest doses are generally safe to consume, though they may increase the risk of tooth enamel erosion.

People should also be aware that ACV can interact with certain medications, including diuretics and diabetes medications.

In general, people who take any medication should consult with their healthcare provider before they take ACV or any other dietary supplement.

Why do I pee a lot after drinking apple cider vinegar?

Does drinking apple cider vinegar make you urinate more?

A decrease in potassium levels As mentioned before, apple cider vinegar is acidic in nature, therefore, it lowers the potassium levels in the body. Too much decrease of potassium can have an intense reaction on the body like extreme fatigue, cramps, frequent urination, paralysis and heart palpitations.

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What happens when you drink apple cider vinegar every morning?

Taking a shot of apple cider vinegar in the morning on an empty stomach is one practice that many wellness gurus claim helps you lose weight, reduce hunger, and remove toxins from your system.

Does lemon water in the morning make you pee more?

Lemon water is a diuretic Water is an effective diuretic, which is a substance that encourages urination. In addition, any food that contains potassium could increase urine output. That includes virtually all fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy products, including lemons.

Does apple cider vinegar make you go to the bathroom?

The sugars in the cider can stimulate peristalsis. If taken undiluted, the apple cider vinegar may pull water out of the body into the bowel, making the stool more watery. The cider can also kill off the good bacteria in your intestines.

Does apple cider burn belly fat?

According to this study, adding 1 or 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar to your diet can help you lose weight. It can also reduce your body fat percentage, make you lose belly fat and decrease your blood triglycerides. This is one of a few human studies that have investigated vinegar’s effects on weight loss.

Can apple cider vinegar break up kidney stones?

What Are Kidney Stones?

When high levels of minerals and salt exist in the kidneys, a clump of matter known as a kidney stone can form inside of the kidney.

How Long Does It Take to Flush Out a Kidney Stone?

Stones smaller than 4 millimeters pass on their own 80 percent of the time. They take an average of 31 days to pass. Stones that are 4–6 mm are more likely to require some sort of treatment, but around 60 percent pass naturally. This takes an average of 45 days.

What Dissolves Kidney Stones Fast?

Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid which helps dissolve kidney stones. In addition to flushing out the kidneys, apple cider vinegar can also decrease any pain caused by the stones. In addition, water and lemon juice can help flush the stones and prevent future kidney stones.

How Will I Know When a Kidney Stone Has Passed?

As stones move into your ureters — the thin tubes that allow urine to pass from your kidneys to your bladder — signs and symptoms can result. Signs and symptoms of kidney stones being passed can include severe pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills and blood in your urine.

Which Fruits Are Good for Preventing Kidney Stones?

Citrus fruit, and their juice, can help reduce or block the formation of stones due to naturally occurring citrate. Good sources of citrus include lemons, oranges, and grapefruit.

How Long After Passing a Kidney Stone Does the Pain Stop?

Once it reaches the bladder, the stone typically passes within a few days. However, pain may subside even if the stone is still in the ureter, so it is important to follow up with your doctor if you do not pass the stone within 4-6 weeks.

Can Kidney Stones Grow Bigger?

Kidney stones can start small but can grow larger in size, even filling the inner hollow structures of the kidney. Some stones stay in the kidney, and may not cause any problems.

Is Milk Good for Kidney Stones?

Yes. Calcium-rich foods such as milk, yogurt, and some cheese and oxalate-rich foods are beneficial for preventing kidney stones. This is because oxalate and calcium from the foods are more likely to bind to one another in the stomach and intestines before entering the kidneys, make it less likely that kidney stones will form.

What Does Passing a Kidney Stone Feel Like for a Woman?

They feel pain in their abdomen, lower back, or groin as the stone passes through the narrow ureter and beyond. That can also cause some gastric discomfort, which is centered in the upper abdomen and can be dull and achy or throbbing pain.

Schedule Your Appointment for Kidney Stone Relief Today!

Does apple cider vinegar affect urine?

Apple Cider Vinegar has been on the trend wagon for some time now. If you search for it, you’ll find millions of benefits and how it can change your life. It’s being recommended by all types of doctors for various reasons, and many people consider it to be a magical cure for almost anything.

Well, all this positive information can be a little misleading because people forget the fact that too much of anything can be quite harmful. Yes, apple cider vinegar is amazing but you don’t need to chug it multiple times a day to see the results you want to.

Apple Cider Vinegar

First and foremost, apple cider vinegar is made by fermenting apple juice and is pretty acidic. So, to use it safely, dilute it with water before consumption. Although it’s acidic, the effects of this miraculous ingredient are amazing. But, too much of a good thing can be detrimental. The volume of consumption can be either beneficial or end up with some unwanted side effects. So, it is always advised to limit as well as wisely opt for something you consume.

Let’s take a look at some of the side effects of apple cider vinegar:

A decrease in potassium levels

As mentioned before, apple cider vinegar is acidic in nature, therefore, it lowers the potassium levels in the body. Too much decrease of potassium can have an intense reaction on the body like extreme fatigue, cramps, frequent urination, paralysis and heart palpitations.

Low Blood Pressure

Too much use of the apple cider vinegar can also lower your blood pressure drastically. It decreases the potassium levels in the blood and can lead to hypokalemia.

Digestion Problems

Although it decreases appetite and makes you feel full for longer duration, it can also lead to nausea, diarrhea and indigestion. Apple Cider Vinegar is a well-known drink for weight loss, but its intense use can cause many digestive problems.

Tooth Enamel Damage

Undiluted Apple Cider Vinegar is acidic enough to have calamitous effects on your tooth enamel, so it’s obvious that you need to dilute it. Although, even the diluted vinegar is quite harmful to your teeth, so extra care should be taken when consuming this useful drink.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Brittle Bones

The volume of consumption can be either have amazing effects or make you sick to the core, literally. Too much apple cider vinegar can leave you with a decreased bone density. An extreme case can lead to osteoporosis which is very uncommon and rare in young people.

Headaches

Apple Cider Vinegar detoxifies the body and makes you feel full for longer, but in turn gives you intense nausea. The intensity of nausea can lead to chronic headaches if not regulated. The vigorous detoxification process due to large amounts of ACV in the bloodstream causes the brain to release harmful toxins.

Lower Minerals

Even though the detoxification gets rid of the bad toxins from our body, the ACV can’t really distinguish between the good and the bad. So it gets rid of all types of toxins, which flushes out most of the minerals that are needed in our body. Therefore, a safe amount of apple cider vinegar should be consumed.

Drug reactions

The acetic acid is quick to amalgamate with other drugs present in the body, resulting in a more intense effect of the drug. It can cause harmful reactions through the body, so you should definitely avoid consumption of apple cider vinegar if you’re on medication.

Skin Burns

Many people use the diluted version of ACV to treat sunburns but if you’re not careful, they can cause severe burns and damage the skin tissues permanently.

Is apple cider vinegar harmful?

Apple cider vinegar is the fermented juice from crushed apples. It contains acetic acid and nutrients such as B vitamins and vitamin C.

Use Apple Cider Vinegar Daily And This Happens To Your Kidneys

Apple cider vinegar is popularly used in salad dressings and cooking. But it's also been used traditionally as medicine. It might help lower blood sugar levels after a meal by changing how foods are absorbed from the gut.

Apple cider vinegar is used for obesity, diabetes, athletic performance, kidney stones, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using apple cider vinegar for COVID-19.

Possibly Ineffective for

Diabetes. Taking apple cider vinegar by mouth doesn't seem to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

There is interest in using apple cider vinegar for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

When taken by mouth: Consuming apple cider vinegar in food amounts is likely safe. Apple cider vinegar is possibly safe when used as a medicine, short-term. But it is possibly unsafe when used in large amounts, long-term. Consuming large amounts of apple cider vinegar long-term might lead to problems such as low levels of potassium.

When applied to the skin: Apple cider vinegar is possibly unsafe. Applying apple cider vinegar to the skin can cause chemical burns in some people.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if apple cider vinegar is safe to use as a medicine when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.

Low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia): Apple cider vinegar might lower potassium levels in the blood. If your potassium is already low, apple cider vinegar might make it too low. Don't use apple cider vinegar if you have this condition.

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

Digoxin (Lanoxin) interacts with APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

Large amounts of apple cider vinegar may decrease potassium levels in the body. Low potassium levels can increase the side effects of digoxin.

Insulin interacts with APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

Insulin might decrease potassium levels in the body. Large amounts of apple cider vinegar might also decrease potassium levels in the body. Taking apple cider vinegar along with insulin might cause potassium levels in the body to be too low.

Water pills (Diuretic drugs) interacts with APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

Apple cider vinegar can decrease potassium levels. "Water pills" can also decrease potassium levels. Taking apple cider vinegar along with "water pills" might make potassium levels drop too low.

Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

Apple cider vinegar might lower blood sugar levels. Taking apple cider vinegar along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.

Apple cider vinegar is commonly used in foods. In the US, there's no specific definition of what a product must contain to be called apple cider vinegar. Sometimes it's standardized to acidity, with concentrations ranging from 4% to 8%. But the amount of each component of apple cider vinegar may vary from product to product.

When used as medicine, there isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of apple cider vinegar might be. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.

Apple Cider vinegar should not cause any damage to the kidneys. I do not know of any health benefits of this type of vinegar.

How much apple cider vinegar should I drink for my kidneys?

Kidney stones can cause severe pain. There are many home remedies which can help you deal with kidney stones naturally. You might not know but apple cider vinegar can also help you fight kidney stones naturally. Here's how apple cider vinegar works and also know the right methods to use.

HealthVarsha VatsUpdated: November 20, 2019 12:10 pm IST

Got Kidney Stone? Try Apple Cider Vinegar: Here's How It Works; Know The Right Method To Use

Kidney Stones Home Remedies: Apple cider vinegar is one of the effective remedies for kidney stones

1

Kidney Stone Home Remedies: Kidney stones can be very painful. Drinking plenty of water is the best way to fight kidney stones. Adequate consumption of water can also prevent the formation of kidney stones for lifetime. There are multiple home remedies that can work wonders for kidney stones. One of them is apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar is loaded with multiple health benefits. Its benefits have gained huge popularity. It is used for various purposes. It is most commonly used for weight loss. But most people are not aware of the benefits of apple cider vinegar for kidney stones. There are some properties of apple cider vinegar which makes it beneficial for kidney patients.

Home remedies for kidney stones: How apple cider vinegar can help?

Lead Consultant Urology and Uro Oncology, Dr. Govardhan Reddy explained, "Kidney stones are a very common ailment seen in our population. Usually, stones are formed in kidneys whenever there is a higher concentration of salts in urine. There are many varieties of stone of which calcium oxalate stones are common. Stones which are big, that is, > 5mm will get stuck in the passage of urinary system and cause symptoms like pain, vomiting, fever or blood in the urine.

Most of these stones are formed in acidic urine. If urine can be made alkaline by increasing citrate excretion in urine, then oxalate stones can be prevented. There are many substances that can produce alkaline urine, like lemon juice, orange juice. Apple cider vinegar has been studied and found to produce more alkaline urine by producing citrate in the urine and hence it is recommended for preventing stone formation."

Can Apple cider vinegar hurt your kidneys?

Also read: 5 Effective Ways To Remove Kidney Stones Without Surgery

0aj8aka8

Apple cider vinegar can be consumed in limited quantity daily to fight kidney stones

Photo Credit: iStock

How to use apple cider vinegar for kidney stones?

Apple cider vinegar can be consumed in many ways to get rid of kidney stones. It will also provide you other health benefits. To treat kidney stones you can mix two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar and mix in a glass of water. Do not over consume this mixture. You can also use apple cider vinegar as a salad dressing as well.